Phenotypic variation and traits interrelationships in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in Northern Ethiopia

Ahmed GETACHEW, Fisseha WOREDE, Sentayehu ALAMEREW

Abstract


Information on phenotypic variation helps to breed better varieties. Forty-nine bread wheat genotypes were evaluated in simple lattice design at Jamma and Geregera to determine the extent of variation and association among 11 traits. Analysis of variance showed significant differences (p < 0.01) among the genotypes for all traits, indicating the presence of adequate variability. Maximum values of genotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for spike length (8.66 %), number of productive tillers (8.4 %), number of grains per spike (6.4 %) and thousand-seed mass (6.15 %); this also shows the presence of substantial variability for these traits. Genetic parameters of the study revealed that days to heading, plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike and thousand-seed mass had moderate to high heritability and genetic advance as percent of the mean. Therefore, direct selection could be practiced to improve bread wheat for these traits. Moreover, selection of early-cycle lines which can escape the negative effects of climate change will be possible. Grain yield had strong and significant positive correlation with thousand-seed mass (rg = 0.395**), biological yield (rgv= 0.617**) and harvest index (rg = 0.731**); selection based on these traits will be most effective in future bread wheat yield improvement programs as they also exerted strong positive direct effects on grain yield.


Keywords


bread wheat; coefficient of variation; correlation; genetic advance; path coefficients

Full Text:

PDF

References


Acquaah, G. (2007). Principles of plant genetics and breeding. Black well Publishing, USA.

Ali, Y., Atta, B.M., Akhter, J., Monneveux, P. and Lateef, Z. (2008). Genetic variability, association and diversity studies in wheat (Triticum aesitum L.) germplasm. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(5), 2087-2097.

Ariyo, O.J., Aken’ova, M.E. and Fatokun, C.A. (1987). Plant character correlation and path analysis of pod yield in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Euphytica, 36, 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00041518

Burton, G.W. and DeVane, E.H. (1953). Estimating heritability in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) from replicated clonal material. Agronomy Journal, 45, 487-488. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1953.00021962004500100005x

Chowdhry, M.S., Alam, K. and Khaliq, I. (1991). Harvest index in bread wheat. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28(2), 207- 210.

Comstock, R. R. and Robinson, H. F. (1952). Genetic parameters, their estimation and significance. Proceedings of the 6th International Grassland Congress (pp. 248-291). Washington, DC.

Central Statistical Agency (CSA). (2015). Agricultural sample survey for 2014/2015: Area and production of major crops. Volume I. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Dewey, D.R. and Lu, K.H. (1959). A correlation and path coefficient analysis of components of crested wheat grass seed production. Agronomy Journal, 51, 515-558. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1959.00021962005100090002x

Dwivedi, S.L., Sahrawat, K.L., Upadhyaya, H.D., Mengoni, A., Galardini, M., Bazzicalupo, M., Biondi, E.G., Hungria, M., Kaschuk, G., Blair, M.W., Ortiz, R. (2015). Advances in host plant and rhizobium genomics to enhance symbiotic nitrogen fixation in grain legumes. Advances in Agronomy, 129, 1-116.

https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2014.09.001

Fehr, W.R. (1987). Principles of cultivar development: Theory and technique. Volume I. McGraw-Hill. New York.

Ferede, M. and Worede, F. (2016). Grain yield stability and phenotypic correlation analysis of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in north western Ethiopia. Food Science and Quality Management, 48, 51-59.

Gashaw, A., Mohammed, H. and Singh, H. (2007). Selection criterion for improved grain yields in Ethiopian durum wheat genotypes. African Crop Science Journal, 15(1), 25-31.https://doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v15i1.54407

Gelalcha, S., and Hanchinal, R. R. (2013). Correlation and path analysis in yield and yield components in spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under irrigated condition in Southern India. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(24), 3186-3192. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2013.6965

Hartley, H.O. (1950). The maximum F-ratio as a short cut test for heterogeneity of variances. Biometrika, 37, 308-312.

https://doi.org/10.2307/2332383

Haussmann, B.I.G., Parzies, H.K., Presterl, T., Susic, Z., and Miedaner, T. (2004). Plant genetic resources in crop improvement. Plant Genetic Resources, 2(1): 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1079/PGR200430

Johnson H.W., Robinson, H.F. and Comstock, R.E. (1955). Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soyabeans. Agronomy Journal, 47, 314-318. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1955.00021962004700070009x

Laei, G., Afshari, H., Kamali, M. R. J. and Hassanzadeh, A. (2012). Study yield and yield components comparison correlation some physiological characteristics, 20 genotypes of bread wheat. Annals of Biological Research, 3(9), 4343-4351.

Laghari, K. A., Sial, M. A., Arain, M. A., Dahot, M. U., Mangrio, M. S. and Pirzada, A. J. (2010). Comparative performance of wheat advance lines for yield and its associated traits. World Applied Sciences, 8, 34-37.

Majumder, D.A.N., Shamsuddin, A.K.M., Kabir, M.A. and Hassan, L. (2008). Genetic variability, correlated response and path analysis of yield and yield contributing traits of spring wheat. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, 6(2), 227-234. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4815

Mesele, A., Mohammed, W. and Dessalegn, T. (2016). Estimation of heritability and genetic advance of yield and yield related traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes at Ofla district, Northern Ethiopia. International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 10, 30-37. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijpbg.2016.31.37

Miller, P.A., Williams, J.C., Robinson, H.F. and Comstock, R.E. (1958). Estimates of genotypic and environmental variances and covariances in upland cotton and their implications in selection. Agronomy Journal, 50, 126-131. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1958.00021962005000030004x

Moghaddam, M., Ehdaie, B. and Waines, J.G. (1997). Genetic variation and interrelationships of agronomic characters in landraces of bread wheat from southeastern Iran. Euphytica, 95, 361-369. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003045616631

Mohammadi, M., Karimizadeh, R., Shefazadeh, M.K. and Sadeghzad, B. (2011). Statistical analysis of durum wheat yield under semi-warm dryland condition. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5(10), 1292-1297.

Rahman, M.A., Kabir, M.L., Hasanuzzaman, M., Rahman, M.A., Rumi, R.H. and Afrose, M.T. (2016). Study of variability in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research, 8(5), 66-76.

Robertson, G.E. (1959). The sampling variance of the genetic correlation coefficient. Biometrics, 15, 469-485. https://doi.org/10.2307/2527750

Tesfaye, T., Genet, T. and Desalegn, T. (2014). Genetic variability, heritability and genetic diversity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype in western Amhara region, Ethiopia. Wudpecker Journal of Agricultural Research, 3(1), 26-034.

Yao, J., Ma, H., Yang, X., Yoa, G.U. and Zhou, M. (2014). Inheritance of grain yield and its correlation with yield components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). African Journal of Biotechnology, 13, 1379-1385. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB12.2169

Zafarnaderi, N., Aharizad, S. and Mohammadi, S.A. (2013). Relationship between grain yield and related agronomic traits in bread wheat recombinant inbred lines under water deficit condition. Annals of Biological Research, 4(4), 7-11.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2021.117.3.1291

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Fisseha Worede

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 

Acta agriculturae Slovenica is an Open Access journal published under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY License.

                           


eISSN 1854-1941