Email this article Comparison of traditional and modern methods for identification of economically important wireworm species (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
Abstract
Wireworms are larvae of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) and are well known pests of economic importance. Knowing the species diversity in a particular area is important, as the ecological requirements and consequent management strategies of individual species vary. Morphological identification of wireworms is challenging; separating between individual species is often almost impossible. Molecular methods therefore complement morphological methods. Mitochondrial gene for cytochrome oxidase I is most commonly used for molecular identification of wireworms. In this study we list molecular, morphological and behavioural methods for wireworm identification and also highlight the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. At the end of the article, a simplified morphological identification key for determining economically important wireworm species of the genus Agriotes in Slovenian language is attached.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Slovensko (Slovenian))References
Ansari, M. A., Evans, M., & Butt, T. M. (2009). Identification of pathogenic strains of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi for wireworm control. Crop Protection, 28(3), 269–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2008.11.003
Beaudoin-Ollivier, L., Prior, R. N. B., & Laup, S. (2000). Simplified field key to identify larvae of some rhinoceros beetles and associated scarabs (Coleoptera: scarabaeoidea) in Papua New Guinea coconut developments. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93(1), 90–95.
Becker, E. C. (1956). Revision of the Nearctic Species of Agriotes (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 88(S1), 5–101. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm8801fv
Beling, T. (1883). Beitrag zur Metamorphose der Kaferfamilie den Elateriden. Deutsche ent. Z., 27, 129–144.
Beling, T. (1884). Beitrag zur Metamorphose der Kaferfamilie den Elateriden. Deutsche ent. Z., 28, 177–216.
Benefer, C. M., Knight, M. E., Ellis, J. S., Hicks, H., & Blackshaw, R. P. (2012). Understanding the relationship between adult and larval Agriotes distributions: The effect of sampling method, species identification and abiotic variables. Applied Soil Ecology, 53(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.11.004
Benefer, C. M., van Herk, W. G., Ellis, J. S., Blackshaw, R. P., Vernon, R. S., & Knight, M. E. (2013). The molecular identification and genetic diversity of economically important wireworm species (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Canada. Journal of Pest Science, 86(1), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-012-0454-x
Calder, A. A. (1996). Click Beetles: Genera of the Australian Elateridae (Coleoptera). Victoria: CSIRO Publishing.
Cate, P. C. (2007). Family Elateridae. I. Löbl & A. Smetana (Ur.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 4. Elateroidea - Derodontoidea - Bostrichoidea - Lymexyloidea - Cleroidea – Cucujoidea (str. 89–209). Stenstrup: Apollo Books.
Cherry, R. (2007). Seasonal population dynamics of wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Florida sugarcane fields. Florida Entomologist, 90(3), 426–430. https://doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[426:SPDOWC]2.0.CO;2
Cocquempot, C., Martinez, M., Courbon, R., Blanchet, A., & Caruhel, P. (1999). Nouvelles données sur l'identification des larves de taupins (Coleoptera: Elateridae): une aide à la connaissance biologique et à la cartographie des espèces nuisibles. Cinquième Conférence Internationale sur les Ravageurs en Agriculture (str. 477–486). Montpellier: AFPP.
Dolin, V. G. (1978). Phylogeny of the click beetles (Coleoptera, Elateridae). Vestnik Zoologii, 3, 3–12.
Eidt, D. C. (1954). A description of the larva of Agriotes mancus (Say), with a key separating the larvae of A. lineatus (L.), A. mancus (Say), A. obscurus (L.) and A. sputator (L.) from Nova Scotia. Can. Entomologist, 86, 481–494.
Ellis, J. S., Blackshaw, R., Parker, W., Hicks, H., & Knight, M. E. (2009). Genetic identification of morphologically cryptic agricultural pests. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 11(1), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2008.00420.x
EPPO Bulletin. (2005). Limonius californicus. EPPO Bulletin, 35, 377–379
Etzler, F. E. (2013). Identification of Economic Wireworms Using Traditional and Molecular Methods (Doctoral dissertation). Montana State University, Montana.
Etzler, F. E., Wanner, K. W., Morales-Rodriguez, A., & Ivie, M. A. (2014). DNA barcoding to improve the species-level management of wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(4), 1476–1485. https://doi.org/10.1603/EC13312
Furlan, L. (1998). The biology of Agriotes ustulatus Schaller (Col., Elateridae). II. Larval development, pupation, whole cycle description and practical implications. Journal of Applied Entomology, 122(2–3), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1998.tb01464.x
Furlan, L. (2014). IPM thresholds for Agriotes wireworm species in maize in Southern Europe. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-014-0583-5
Furlan, L., & Tóth, M. (2007). Occurrence of click beetle pest spp. (Coleoptera, Elateridae) in Europe as detected by pheromone traps: survey results of 1998-2006. Bulletin OILB/SROP, 30(7), 19–25.
Gauthier, N. (2010). Multiple cryptic genetic units in Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytinae): Evidence from microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 101(1), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01483.x
Glen, R., King, K. M., & Arnason, A. P. (1943). The Identification of Wireworms of Economic Importance in Canada. Canadian Journal of Research, 21d, 358–387.
Glen, R. (1950). Larvae of the Elaterid beetles of the tribe Lepturoidini (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 111(11), 1–246.
Gur’yeva, Y. L. (1974). Thoracic structure of click-beetles (Coleoptera, Elateridae) and the significance of the structural characters for the system of the family. Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 53, 96–113.
Han, T., Lee, W., Lee, S., Park, I. G., & Park, H. (2016). Reassessment of Species Diversity of the Subfamily Denticollinae (Coleoptera: Elateridae) through DNA Barcoding. PLoS ONE, 11(2), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148602
Hebert, P. D. N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S. L., & DeWaard, J. R. (2003). Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 270, 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2218
Heimbach, U., Lehmhus, J., & Zamani-Noor, N. (2020). Clarification of efficacy data requirements for the authorization of an insecticide applied as seed treatment for the control of wireworms in crops such as maize, sunflowers, millet and sugar beet in the EU. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization.
Hermann, A., Brunner, N., Hann, P., Wrbka, T., & Kromp, B. (2013). Correlations between wireworm damages in potato fields and landscape structure at different scales. Journal of Pest Science, 86(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-012-0444-z
Hyslop, A. (1917). The Phylogeny of the Elateridae Based on Larval Characters. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 10(3), 241–263.
Jewett, H. H. (1940). Observations on life history of Aeolus mellillus. Journal of Economic Entomology, 33(5), 816–816.
Jiang, S. H. (1999). Economic click beetle fauna of China (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Beijing: China Agriculture Press.
Kabaluk, J. T., Vernon, R. S., & Goettel, M. S. (2007). Mortality and infection of wireworm, Agriotes obscurus [Coleoptera: Elateridae], with inundative field applications of Metarhizium anisopliae. Phytoprotection, 88(2), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.7202/018055ar
King, K. M. (1950). Vegetable insects of the season 1949 on Vancouver Island. Canadian Insect Pest Review, 28, 1–2.
Klausnitzer, B. (2013). Familie: Elateridae. B. Klausnitzer (Ur.), Die Larven der Käfer Mitteleuropas. Bd. 2, Myxophaga, Polyphaga. Teil 1 (str. 118–190). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
Kleespies, R. G., Ritter, C., Zimmermann, G., Burghause, F., Feiertag, S., & Leclerque, A. (2013). A survey of microbial antagonists of Agriotes wireworms from Germany and Italy. Journal of Pest Science, 86(1), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-012-0447-9
Korschefsky, R. (1941). Bestimmungstabelle der bekanntesten deutschen Elateridenlarven. Arbeiten Über Morph. Und Taxon. Ent. Aus Berlin-Dahlem, 8(4), 217–230.
Kundrata, R., & Bocak, L. (2011). The phylogeny and limits of Elateridae (Insecta, Coleoptera): Is there a common tendency of click beetles to soft-bodiedness and neoteny? Zoologica Scripta, 40(4), 364–378. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00476.x
Kundrata, R., Gunter, N. L., Douglas, H., & Bocak, L. (2016). Next step toward a molecular phylogeny of click-beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae): redefinition of Pityobiinae, with a description of a new subfamily Parablacinae from the Australasian Region. Austral Entomology, 55(3), 291–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12185
Lagisz, M., Wilde, K. E., & Wolff, K. (2010). The development of PCR-based markers for molecular sex identification in the model insect species Tribolium castaneum. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 134(1), 50–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00935.x
Laibner, S. (2000). Elateridae of the Cszech and Slovak Republics. Zlin: Kabourek.
Lanchester, H. P. (1946). Larval Determination of Six Economic Species of Limonius (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Annals Entomological Society of America, 39(4), 619–626.
Langdon, K. W., & Abney, M. R. (2017). Relative susceptibility of selected potato cultivars to feeding by two wireworm species at two soil moisture levels. Crop Protection, 101, 24–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.07.011
Lawrence, J. F., & Newton, A. F. J. (1995). Families and subfamilies of Coleoptera (with selected genera, notes, references and data on family-group names). Biology, Phylogeny, and Classification of Coleoptera. Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Roy A. Crowson, 779–1006.
Lehmhus, J., & Niepold, F. (2015). Identification of Agriotes wireworms – Are they always what they appear to be? Journal für Kulturpflanzen, 67(4), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.5073/J
Leseigneur, L. (1972). Coléoptères elateridae de la faune de France continentale et de Corse. Lyon: Bulletin mensuel de la sté linnéenne de Lyon.
Lindroth, E., & Clark, T. L. (2009). Phylogenetic analysis of an economically important species complex of wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in the midwest. Journal of Economic Entomology, 102(2), 743–749. https://doi.org/10.1603/029.102.0235
Lohse, G. A. (1979). Familie Elateridae. H. Freude, K. W. Harde, & G. A. Lohse (Ur.), Die Käfer Mitteleuropas, Band 6, Diversicornia (str. 103–186). Krefeld: Goecke & Evers.
Miles, H. W. (1942). Wireworms and Agriculture, With Special Reference To Agriotes Obscurus L. Annals of Applied Biology, 29(2), 176–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1942.tb07585.x
Milevoj, L., Gomboc, S., Bobnar, A., Smodiš, T., Valič, N., & Mikuš, T. (2005). Spremljanje aktivnosti pet vrst pokalic rodu Agriotes (Coleoptera: Elateridae) s feromonskimi vabami v okolici Ljubljane. Zbornik predavanj in referatov s 7. slovenskega posvetovanja o varstvu rastlin (str. 254–262). Ljubljana: Društvo za varstvo rastlin Slovenije.
Morales-Rodriguez, A., O’Neill, R. P., & Wanner, K. W. (2014). A survey of wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) species infesting cereal crops in Montana. Pan-Pacific Entomologist. Pacific Coast Entomological Society. https://doi.org/10.3956/2014-90.3.116
Oba, Y., Ôhira, H., Murase, Y., Moriyama, A., & Kumazawa, Y. (2015). DNA barcoding of japanese click beetles (Coleoptera, Elateridae). PLoS ONE, 10(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116612
Parker, W. E., & Howard, J. J. (2001). The biology and management of wireworms (Agriotes spp.) on potato with particular reference to the U.K. Agricultural and Forest Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-9563.2001.00094.x
Pic, M., Pierre, É., Martinez, M., Genson, G., Rasplus, J. Y., & Albert, H. (2008). Les Taupins du Genre Agriotes Démasqués par leurs Empreintes Génétiques. 8. Conference Internationale sur les Ravageurs en Agriculture. Montpellier: AFPP.
Prakash, O., Pandey, P. K., Kulkarni, G. J., Mahale, K. N., & Shouche, Y. S. (2014). Technicalities and Glitches of Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP). Indian Journal of Microbiology, 54(3), 255–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-014-0461-0
Prosvirov, A. S. (2013). To the knowledge of the fauna of click-beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) of south of European Russia and the Caucasus. Caucasian Entomological Bulletin, 9(2), 253–259. https://doi.org/10.23885/1814-3326-2013-9-2-253-259
Rieppel, O. (2020). Morphology and Phylogeny. Journal of the History of Biology, 53(2), 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-020-09600-x
Riley, T. J., & Keaster, A. J. (1979). Wireworms Associated with Corn: Identification of Larvae of Nine Species of Melanotus from the North Central States. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 72(3), 408–414. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/72.3.408
Riley, T. J., & Keaster, A. J. (1981). A pictoral field key to wireworms attacking corn in the Midwest. U.S. Dep. Agric./SEA Extension Integrated Pest Management Program.
Riley, T. J. (1983). Identification of the Larva of Melanotus indistinctus (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 76, 999–1001.
Ritter, C., de Mol, F., Richter, E., Struck, C., & Katroschan, K. U. (2016). Antipredator Behavioral Traits of some Agriotes Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) and their Potential Implications for Species Identification. Journal of Insect Behavior, 29(2), 214–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-016-9555-3
Robertson, L. N., & Pottinger, R. P. (1979). Predation on Australian soldier fly by pasture wireworm. Proceedings of the New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, 32, 76–79. https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.1979.32.10739
Rogers, L. E., Woodley, N., Sheldon, J. K., & Ursek, V. A. (1978). Darkling Beetle (Tenebrionidae) Populations of the Hanford Site in southcentral Washington. Richland: Pacific Northwest Laboratory. doi: 10.2172/5041122
Rubinoff, D. & Holland, B. S. (2005). Between Two Extremes: Mitochondrial DNA is neither the Panacea nor the Nemesis of Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Inference. Systematic Biology, 54(6), 952–961. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150500234674
Saguez, J., Latraverse, A., De Almeida, J., Van Herk, W. G., Vernon, R. S., Légaré, J. P., … Labrie, G. (2017). Wireworm in Quebec field crops: Specific community composition in North America. Environmental Entomology, 46(4), 814–825. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvx116
Schaerffenberg, B. (1940). Bestimmungsschlüssel der landwirtschaftlich wichtigsten Drahtwürmer. Anzeiger Für Schädlingskunde, 16, 90–96.
Schiødte, J. C. (1870). De metamorphosi eleutheratorum observations. Part 5 of Bidrag til insekternes udviklingshistorie. Naturhist. Tidsskr., 3(6), 467–536.
Shaw, K. L. (2002). Conflict between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA phylogenies of a recent species radiation: What mtDNA reveals and conceals about modes of speciation in Hawaiian crickets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(25), 16122–16127. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.242585899
Sint, D., Raso, L., & Traugott, M. (2012). Advances in multiplex PCR: Balancing primer efficiencies and improving detection success. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3(5), 898–905. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00215.x
Staudacher, K., Pitterl, P., Furlan, L., Cate, P. C., & Traugott, M. (2011). PCR-based species identification of Agriotes larvae. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 101(2), 201–210. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485310000337
Staudacher, K., Schallhart, N., Pitterl, P., Wallinger, C., Brunner, N., Landl, M., … Traugott, M. (2013). Occurrence of Agriotes wireworms in Austrian agricultural land. Journal of Pest Science, 86(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-011-0393-y
Stibick, J. N. L. (1976). A revision of the Hypnoidinae of the World. Part I. Introduction, phylogeny, biogeography. The Hypnoidinae of North and South America. The genera Berninelsonius and Ligmargus. Eos, 51, 143–223.
Stibick, J. N. L. (1978). A revision of the Hypnoidinae of the World. Part II. The Hypnoidinae of North and South America. The genera Ascoliocerus, Desolakerrus, Margaiostus, Hypolithus and Hypnoidus. Eos, 52, 309–386.
Stibick, J. N. L. (1979). A revision of the Hypnoidinae of the World. Part III. The Hypnoidinae of Eurasia. Eos, 53, 223–307.
Stibick, J. N. L. (1980a). A revision of the Hypnoidinae of the World. Part V. The Hypnoidinae of New Zealand, fossil Hypnoidinae, postscript and indexes. Eos, 55–56, 227–282.
Stibick, J. N. L. (1980b). A revision of the Hypnoidinae of the World. Part IV. The Hypnoidinae of India. Eos, 54, 247–273.
Subchev, M., Toshova, T., Furlan, L., & Tóth, M. (2005). Click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) and their seasonal swarming as established by pheromone traps in different plant habitats in Bulgaria: 2. Maize. Acta Zool. Bulgar, 57(3), 321–332.
Tóth, M., Furlan, L., Yatsynin, V. G., Ujváry, I., Szarukán, I., Imrei, Z., … Jossi, W. (2003). Identification of pheromones and optimization of bait composition for click beetle pests (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Central and Western Europe. Pest Management Science, 59(4), 417–425. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.629
Vernon, B., Lagasa, E., & Philip, H. (2001). Geographic and temporal distribution of Agriotes obscurus and A. lineatus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in British Columbia and Washington as determined by pheromone trap surveys. Journal - Entomological Society of British Columbia, 98, 257–265.
Walker, L. M., Hoppe, T., & Silliker, M. E. (2017). Molecular Techniques and Current Research Approaches. In Myxomycetes: Biology, Systematics, Biogeography and Ecology (pp. 145–173). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805089-7.00005-6
Wilkinson, A. T. (1963). Wireworms of cultivated land in British Columbia. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 60, 3–17.
Williams, E. M., & Galbreath, R. A. (1987). Diet and development in Conoderus exsul and Agrypnus variabilis (Coleoptera: Elateridae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 14(1), 85–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1987.10422684
Zhang, S., Liu, Y., Shu, J., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., & Wang, H. (2019). DNA barcoding identification and genetic diversity of bamboo shoot wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in South China. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 22(1), 140–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2018.12.017
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2021.117.1.1909
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Eva Praprotnik, Jaka Razinger, Stanislav Trdan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Acta agriculturae Slovenica is an Open Access journal published under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY License.
eISSN 1854-1941