Essential oil content, chamazulene content and antioxidative properties of Achillea millefolium agg. extracts from Slovenia

Boris TURK, Dea BARIČEVIČ, Franc BATIČ

Abstract


The study aimed to clarify some biochemical properties, important for the phytopharmaceutical use of yarrow from the A. millefolium agg.. The study comprised 41 populations from Slovenia. The most abundant taxa were included: Achillea millefolium L., A. roseoalba Ehrend., A. collina (Wirtg.) Becker ex Rchb., A. distans Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., A. pannonica Scheele, A. pratensis Saukel & R.Länger and A. nobilis L. Assessment of essential oil content with the steam distillation method showed no significant difference between taxa. Essential oil content was the lowest in A. collina (6.50 ml kg-1 of dry matter), followed by A. pannonica (7.75 ml kg-1), A. distans (8.50 ml kg-1), A. nobilis (9.40 ml kg-1), A. pratensis (9.65 ml kg-1), A. nobilis × A. millefolium (12.25 ml kg-1), A. roseoalba (12.75 ml kg-1) and A. millefolium (13.50 ml kg-1). The content of azulenes was determined by photometrical measurement of chamazulene in essential oil extracts. Chamazulene was only present in the diploid taxon and one tetraploid taxon, i.e., A. roseoalba (0.16 % of dry plant mass) and A. collina (0.05 %). The differences in antioxidative capacity of extracts from different taxa were not statistically significant, so we can assume that specific antioxidative capacity is not bound to a specific taxon or ploidy level.

Keywords


Achillea; yarrow; chamazulene; essential oils; antioxidants

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adler, W., Osvald, K., Fischer, R. (1994). Exkursionsflora von Österreich. Bestimmungsbuch für alle in Österreich wildwachsenden sowie die wichstigsten kultivierten Gefäβpflanzen (Farnpflanzen und Samenpflanzen) mit Angaben über ihre Ökologie und Verbreitung. Stuttgart und Wien, Verlag Eugen Ulmer. 1180pp.

Ali, S. I., Gopalakrishnan, B., & Venkatesalu, V. (2017). Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Achillea millefolium L.: a review. Phytotherapy Research, 31(8), 1140-1161. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5840

Antolovich, M., Prenzler, P. D., Patsalides, E., McDonald, S., & Robards, K. (2002). Methods for testing antioxidant activity. Analyst, 127(1), 183-198. https://doi.org/10.1039/b009171p

Bocevska, M., & Sovova, H. (2007). Supercritical CO2 extraction of essential oil from yarrow. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 40(3), 360-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2006.07.014

Bugge, G. (1991). Untersuchungen der Sippen des Achillea-millefolium-Komplexes auf Azulengehalt und Ploidiegrad. Angewandte Botanik, 65(5-6), 331-339.

Dabrowska, J. (1972). Obserwacje rozmieszczenia azulenowych i bezazulenowych form Achillea L. na Śląsku, na tle danych o rozmieszczeniu taksonów rodzaju Achillea L. na tym obszarze. Herba Polonica Journal, 18, 40-69.

Deufel, J. (1954). Der Azulengehalt tetraploider Schafgarben. Pharmazie, 9(9), 756.

Dunkel, F. G., Gregor, T., & Meierott, L. (2011). Achillea roseoalba–a long ignored relict in Germany. Feddes Repertorium, 122(3‐4), 268-274. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.201000005

Edreva, A., Vitkova, A., Dagnon, S., Konakchiev, A., Gesheva, E., & Bojilov, D. (2017). Field-cultivated medicinal plants of Achillea millefolium: a source of bioactive compounds. Genetics and Plant Physiology, 7(1-2), 22-33.

Edreva, A., Vitkova, A., & Gesheva, E. (2019). Field-cultivated plants from Achillea millefolium: total flavonoid content, antiradical and antioxidant activities in stems and leaves, and ratio of plant parts. Genetics and Plant Physiology, 9(1-2), 03-10.

Ehrendorfer, F., & Guo, Y. P. (2006). Multidisciplinary studies on Achillea sensu lato (Compositae-Anthemideae): new data on systematics and phylogeography. Willdenowia, 69-87. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.36.36105

European pharmacopoeia 5.0. (2004). Strassbourg, Council of Europe, 2416pp.

Farhadi, N., Babaei, K., Farsaraei, S., Moghaddam, M., & Pirbalouti, A. G. (2020). Changes in essential oil compositions, total phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of Achillea millefolium at different growth stages. Industrial Crops and Products, 152, 112570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112570

Franz, C., Bauer, R., Carle, R., Tedesco, D., Tubaro, A., & Zitterl-Eglseer, K. (2007). Study on the assessment of plants/herbs, plant/herb extracts and their naturally or synthetically produced components as ‘additives’ for use in animal production. EFSA Supporting Publications, 4(4), 070828. https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2007.ZN-001

Gharibi, S., Tabatabaei, B. E. S., & Saeidi, G. (2015). Comparison of essential oil composition, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in eight Achillea species. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 18(6), 1382-1394. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2014.981600

Gherase, F., Spac, A., Dorneanu, V., Stănescu, U., & Grigorescu, E. (2003). Pharmacognostic research of some species of Achillea. Note 1. Volatile oils analysis. Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi, 107(1), 188-191.

Greger, H., & Hofer, O. (1989). Polyenoic acid piperideides and other alkamides from Achillea millefolium. Phytochemistry, 28(9), 2363-2368. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97985-8

Gudaityte, O. (2008). Evaluation of yarrow (Achillea L.) intraspecific diversity and selection of samples by phytochemical properties and morphological characters. Summary of doctoral dissertation, Vilnius, 5-22.

Guo, Y. P., Ehrendorfer, F., & Samuel, R. (2004). Phylogeny and systematics of Achillea (AsteraceaeAnthemideae) inferred from nrITS and plastid trnLF DNA sequences. Taxon, 53(3), 657-672. https://doi.org/10.2307/4135441

Haziri, A. I., Aliaga, N., Ismaili, M., Govori-Odai, S., Leci, O., Faiku, F., ... & Haziri, I. (2010). Secondary metabolites in essential oil of Achillea millefolium (L.) growing wild in east part of Kosova. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 6(1), 32-34. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2010.32.34

Hofmann, L., Fritz, D., Nitz, S., Kollmannsberger, H., & Drawert, F. (1992). Essential oil composition of three polyploids in the Achillea millefolium ‘complex’. Phytochemistry, 31(2), 537-542. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)90034-N

Judzentiene, A., & Mockute, D. (2005). Composition of inflorescence and leaf essential oils of Achillea millefolium L. with white, pink and deep pink flowers growing wild in Vilnius (Eastern Lithuania). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 17(6), 664-667. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2005.9699027

Kastner, U., Glasl, S., Jurenitch, J. (1995). Achillea millefolium - ein Gallentherapeutikum? Gedanken über den aktuellen Einsatz einer alten Arzneipflanze. Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie, 16, 34-36.

Kindlovits, S., & Németh, É. (2012). Sources of variability of yarrow (Achillea spp.) essential oil. Acta alimentaria, 41(Supplement-1), 92-103. https://doi.org/10.1556/AAlim.41.2012.Suppl.9

Konakchiev, A., Mikhova, B., Todorova, M., Najdenski, H., Tzvetkova, I., Vitkova, A., & Duddeck, H. (2005). Composition of the essential oil of Achillea asplenifolia Vent. from Bulgaria. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 8(3), 318-323. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2005.10643459

Michler, B., & Arnold, C. G. (1999). Predicting presence of proazulenes in the Achillea millefolium. Folia Geobotanica, 34(1), 143-161. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02803081

Molyneux, P. (2004). The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin Journa of Science and Technoogyl, 26(2), 211-219.

Nemeth, E. (2005). Essential oil composition of species in the genus Achillea. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 17(5), 501-512. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2005.9698978

Nemeth, E., Bernáth, J., Sárosi, S., & Rajhárt, P. (2007). Hazai cickafark (Achillea spp.) populációk drogminőségének vizsgálata. Evaluation of the quality of drugs from Hungarian yarrow populations.) Kertgazdaság–Horticulture, 39(1), 53-59.

Orav, A., Arak, E., & Raal, A. (2006). Phytochemical analysis of the essential oil of Achillea millefolium L. from various European Countries. Natural Product Research, 20(12), 1082-1088. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410500510849

Oswiecimska, M. (1968). Achillea collina Becker-ein proazulenhaltiges Taxon von Achillea millefolium L. s. l. Planta Medica, 16(2), 201-207. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1099900

Oswiecimska, M. (1974). Korrelation zwischen chromosomenzahl und prochamazulenen in Achillea von Osteuropa. Planta Medica, 25(04), 389-395. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1097960

Radulovic, N., Zlatković, B., Palic, R., & Stojanovic, G. (2007). Chemotaxonomic significance of the Balkan Achillea volatiles. Natural Product Communications, 2(4), 1934578X0700200417. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0700200417

Radušiene, J., & Gudaityte, O. (2005). Distribution of proazulenes in Achillea millefolium sl wild populations in relation to phytosociological dependence and morphological characters. Plant Genetic Resources, 3(2), 136-143. https://doi.org/10.1079/PGR200568

Rahimmalek, M., Tabatabaei, B. E. S., Etemadi, N., Goli, S. A. H., Arzani, A., & Zeinali, H. (2009). Essential oil variation among and within six Achillea species transferred from different ecological regions in Iran to the field conditions. Industrial Crops and Products, 29(2-3), 348-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.07.001

Saukel, J. (2008). Achillea millefolium agg. In: Fischer, M. A., Oswald, K., & Wagner, W. (2008). Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol. 3., verb. Aufl. Biologiezentrum d. Oberösterr. Landesmuseen, Linz. 1392pp.

Saukel, J., Länger, R. (1992). Die Achillea millefolium - Gruppe (Asteraceae) in Mitteleuropa, 1. Problemstellung, Merkmalserhebung und Untersuchungsmaterial. Phyton (Horn, Austria), 31(2), 185-207.

Stahl, E. (1952). Ist der Proazulengehalt der Schafgarbe (Achillea millefolium L.) genetisch oder umweltbedingt?. Pharmazie, 7, 863-868.

Vitkova, A., Anchev, M., Goranova, V., Todorova, M., & Konakchiev, A. (2005). Achillea millefolium (Asteraceae) in Bulgaria. Farmatsiya, 52, 60-63.

Wagenitz, G. (1979). Compositae I: Allgemeiner Teil, Eupatorium-Achillea. Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, 6, 133-136.

Yener, I., Yilmaz, M. A., Olmez, O. T., Akdeniz, M., Tekin, F., Hasimi, N., ... & Ertas, A. (2020). A Detailed Biological and Chemical Investigation of Sixteen Achillea Species’ Essential Oils via Chemometric Approach. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 17(3), e1900484. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201900484

Yordanov, N. D., & Christova, A. G. (1997). Quantitative spectrophotometric and EPR-determination of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH). Fresenius‘ Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 358(5), 610-613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002160050478




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2021.117.2.2072

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Boris Turk

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 

Acta agriculturae Slovenica is an Open Access journal published under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY License.

                           


eISSN 1854-1941