Evaluation of forage maize yield and soil organic matter content under green manure cultivation

Elias ARAZMJOO, Alireza MOGHRI FERIZ, Mohammad Ali BEHDANI, Sohrab MAHMOODI

Abstract


To investigate the effect of different green manures from Gramineae and Brassicaceae families on yield, some agronomic traits of forage maize, overgrowth with weeds and soil organic matter, an experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications for three consecutive years (2017-2020) at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre of Southern Khorasan. Experimental treatments included control (without application of green manure) and application of green manures from the cultivation of barley, triticale, canola, arugula with their optimum and twice optimum densities. The results showed that barley and triticale at twice optimum density with 865.7 and 802.9 g m-2, respectively, had a higher green manure dry mass at the time of returning to the soil. Just before maize cultivation, soil organic matter with an average of 0.73 % was higher in barley green manure at twice optimum density compared to other treatments. Based on the results, the highest maize forage yield with 45.7 and 44.9 t ha-1 were achieved after treatment with barley green manure in twice optimum and optimum density (22.8 and 20.7 percent more than control treatment) and after that triticale in both densities, and canola and arugula at twice optimum density had the highest yield.


Keywords


barley; triticale; canola; arugula; forage maize; production; weeds

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdi, S., Tajbakhsh, M., Abdollahi Mandulakani, B. & Rasouli Sadaghiani, M. (2012). Effect of green manure on the soil organic matter and nitrogen. Journal of Agricultural Knowledge, 5(7), 41-52.

Abril, A., Baleani, D., Casado-Murillo, N. & Noe, L. (2007). Effect of wheat crop fertilization on nitrogen dynamics and balance in the Humid Pampas, Argentina. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 119, 171-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.07.005

Bilalis, D., Karkanis, A. & Efthimiadou, A. (2009). Effects of two legume crops, for organic green manure, on weed flora, under Mediterranean conditions: competitive ability of five winter season weed species. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(12), 1431-1441.

Boquet, D. J., Hutchinson, R. L. & Breitenbeck, G. A. (2004). Long-term tillage, cover crop, and nitrogen rate effects on cotton: plant growth and yield components. Agronomy Journal, 96, 1443.1452. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2004.1443

Bouis, H.E. & Welch, R.M. (2010). Biofortification - A sustainable agricultural strategy for reducing micronutrient malnutrition in the global south. Crop Science, 50(1), 20-32. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2009.09.0531

Campiglia, E., Paolini, R., Colla, G. & Mancinelli, R. (2009). The effects of cover cropping on yield and weed control of potato in a transitional system. Field Crops Research, 112, 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.01.010

Cherr, C. M., Scholberg, J. M. S. & McSorley, R. (2006). Green manure as nitrogen source for sweet corn in a warm–temperate environment. Agronomy Journal, 98(5), 1173-1180. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2005.0036

Clark, M. S., Horwath, W. R., Sherman, C. & Scow, K. M. (1998). Change in soil chemical properties resulting from organic and low-input farming practices. Agronomy Journal, 90, 662-671. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000050016x

Clement, A., Ladha, J.K. & Chalifour, F.P. (1995). Crop residue effects on nitrogen mineralization, microbial biomass, and rice yield in submerged soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 59, 1595–1603. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900060013x

Conklin, A. E., Erich, MS. & Liebman, M. (2002). Effects of red clover (Trifolium pratense) green manure and compost soil amendments on wild mustard (Brassica kaber) growth and incidence of disease. Plant and Soil, 238, 245.25. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014448612066

Dinnes, D.L., Karlen, D.L., Jaynes, D.B., Kaspar, T.C., Hatfield, J.L., Colvin, T.S. & Cambardella, C.A. (2002). Nitrogen management strategies to reduce nitrate leaching in tile-drained Midwestern soils. Agronomy Journal, 94, 153-171. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.1530

Dubeab, E., Chiduzaa, C. & Muchaonyerwac, P. (2013). Conservation agriculture effects on plant nutrients and maize grain yield after four years of maize–winter cover crop rotations. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 30(4), 227-232. https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2013.867458

FAO statistics. (2020). Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/

Gabriel, J. L., Munoz-Carpena, R. & Quemada, M. (2012). The role of cover crops in irrigated systems: Water balance, nitrate leaching, and soil mineral nitrogen accumulation. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 155, 50-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.03.021

Gallandt, E. R., Liebman, M. & Huggins, D. R. (1999). Improving soil quality: implications for weed management. Journal of Crop Production, 2, 95-121. https://doi.org/10.1300/J144v02n01_06

Ghaffari, M., Ahmadvand, G., Ardakani, M.R., Mosadeghi, M.R. & Ghaffari, M. (2013). Effect of winter cereals as pre plant cover crops on weeds control, improving soil fertility, yield and yield components of potato. Journal of Plant Production, 36(4), 29-42.

Ghasemi, A., Ghanbari, A., Fakheri, B.A. & Fanaie, H.R. (2016). Effect of different fertilizer resources on yield and yield components of grain maize (Zea mays L.) influenced by tillage managements. Journal of Agroecology, 7(4), 499-512.

Graham, Ph. & Vanca, C.P. (2000). Nitrogen fixation in perspective: an overview of research and extension needs. Field Crops Research, 65, 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(99)00080-5

Maiksteniene, S. & A. Arlauskiene. (2004). Effect of preceding crops and green manure on the fertility of clay loam soil. Agronomy Research, 2(1), 87-97.

Malakouti, M. (1999). Sustainable agriculture and increasing yield by optimizing fertilizer use in Iran. 1 st Edition. Agricultural Education Publishing, Karaj.

Miguez, F.E. & Bollero, G.A. (2005). Review of corn yield response under winter cover cropping systems using meta-analytic methods. Crop Science Society of America, 45(6), 2318-2329. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.0014

Myers, R.J.K., Palm, C.A., Cuevas, E. & Gunatilleke, I.U.N. (1994). The synchronization of nutrient mineralization and plant nutrient demand. In: P.L. Woomer. & M.J. Swift, (Eds.), The Biological Management of Tropical Soil Fertility. Wiley-Sayce Publication, Chichester, UK, pp. 81–116.

Ohno, T., Doolan, K. & Zibilske, L.M. (2000). Phytotoxic effects of red clover amended soils on wild mustard seedling growth. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 78, 187-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00120-6

Orhana, E., Esitkena, A., Ercislia, S., Turanb, M. & Sahinc, F. (2006). Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrient contents in organically growing raspberry. Scientia Horticulturae, 111(1), 38-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.09.002

Pramanik, MYA., Sarkar, MAR., Islam, MA. & Samad, MA. (2004). Effect of green manures and different levels of nitrogen on the yield and yield components of transplant Aman rice. Journal of Agronomy, 3(2), 122-125. https://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2004.122.125

Talgre, L., Lauringson, E., Roostalu, H. & Astover, A. (2009). The effects of green manures on yields and yield quality of spring wheat. Agronomy Research, 7(1), 125-132.

USDA statistics. (2020). Retrieved fromhttps://www.usda.gov/

Wei, Y. & Liu, Y. (2005). Effects of sewage sludge of compost application on crops and cropland in a 3-years field study. Chemosphere, 59, 1257-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.052




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2022.118.3.2194

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Elias ARAZMJOO, Alireza MOGHRI FERIZ, MohammadAli BEHDANI, Sohrab MAHMOODI

 

Acta agriculturae Slovenica is an Open Access journal published under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY License.

                           


eISSN 1854-1941