Optimizacija časa setve za povečanje produktivnosti in prehranske kakovosti genotipov zrnatega ščira (Amaranthus cruentus L.) v mediteranskih klimatskih razmerah

Paolo CASINI, Gherardo BIANCOFIORE

Povzetek


V zadnjem času narašča v Italiji interes za gojenje alternativnih zrnatih poljščin kot je zrnati ščir (Amaranthus cruentus L.), a je za najprimernejši čas setve (SD) v razmerah brez namakanja na razpolago le malo podatkov. V ta namen je bil v Toskani, v rastni sezoni 2018, izveden poljski poskus za ovrednotenje časa setve treh genotipov zrnatega ščira ( sorta Kharkov in dve novi  žlahtniteljski liniji, označeni kot ‘A-61’ in ‘A-67’). Izbrani so bili trije termini setve in sicer: 27. marec (prvi), 20. april 20 (drugi), 4. junij (tretji). Samo prvi in drugi termin setve sta soupadala z naraščajočo fotoperiodo. Komulativno število rastnih dni (GDD) do zorenja je bilo 2282, 1990 in 1480 za prvi, drugi in tretji čas setve. Primerjalno s prvima terminoma setve je bil pri tretjem sklop posevka za 20 % manjši v času latenja, kar je zmanjšalo kompetitivnost proti plevelom. Linija ‘A-67’ je bila bolj palatibilna in bolj dovzetna za napad hrošča bolhača sladkorne pese (Chaenoctema tibialis Illinger) v začetnih fazah rasti. Nasprotno je bila sorta Kharkov značilno manj napadena s tem hroščem pri vseh treh datumih setve. Sorta Kharkov je pokazala večjo prožnost s stabilnim pridelkom, 1,3 t ha-1, za prvi in drugi termin setve. Nasprotno je bil pri obeh linijah zrnatega ščira značilen upad pridelka (1,5 to 1,2 t ha-1) kot odziv na zakasnitev setve iz prvega na drugi termin. Negativni učinek tretjega termina setve je obsegal značilen upad pridelka, zmanjšanje vsebnosti beljakovin in zmanjšanje mase 1000 semen. Zaključimo lahko, da lahko obdobje marec-april priproročamo za setev zrnatega ščira za doseganje optimalnega pridelka zrnja in s tem uspešno uvedemo alternativno poljščino za pridelovanje zrnja v agroekoloških razmerah osrednje Italije.


Ključne besede


zrnati ščir; žlahtniteljske linije, Amaranthus cruentus; datum setve; osrednja Italija

Celotno besedilo:

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Literatura


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2020.115.1.1228

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