Pošlji prispevek (e-pošta) Od rastlinske biomase do biogoriv in bio-surovin z mikrobnimi celičnimi tovarnami
Povzetek
Naraščajoče potrebe po obnovljivih virih energije in globalno segrevanje predstavljata ključna izziva prihodnosti človeške družbe. Za trajnostni razvoj industrije je nujna neprekinjena oskrba z obnovljivo energijo. Odpadna rastlinska biomasa predstavlja velik rezervoar obnovljive energije, ki jo je mogoče pretvoriti v biogoriva in druge produkte z dodano vrednostjo, vendar trenutno za tovrstno pridobivanje energentov še ni na voljo dovolj učinkovitih biokatalizatorjev. Omejujoča stopnja mikrobiološke pretvorbe odpadne rastlinske biomase v produkte z veliko dodano vrednostjo je hidroliza strukturnih polimerov do topnih podenot, ki predstavljajo substrat za fermentacijo do biogoriv in biosurovin z večjo dodano vrednostjo. V želji, da bi drage in neekološke tradicionalne postopke fizikalne in kemične predobdelave lignoceluloznih substratov nadomestili z okoljevarstveno sprejemljivejšimi biološkimi, v zadnjem desetletju poteka intenzivno proučevanju mikrobnih encimskih sistemov za razgradnjo rastlinske biomase. Vzporedno je nesluten razvoj orodij za gensko in metabolno spreminjanje mikrobnih celic omogočil pomembne dosežke na področju načrtovanja mikrobnih celičnih tovarn za optimizirano proizvodnjo biogoriv. Ena od obetavnejših naprednih strategij usmerjenih k temu cilju je tudi sistematično načrtovanje in ekspresija celulosomov »po meri« v solventogenih industrijskih sevih, čemur smo v pregledu posvetili največ pozornosti.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2020.116.1.1331
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