Vloga dolgovalovne rdeče svetlobe v fotomorfogenezi in njena uporaba pri vzgoji rastlin v rastlinjakih

Bojka KUMP

Povzetek


Svetlobna energija je eden najpomembnejših dejavnikov, ki uravnava rast in razvoj rastlin. V rastlinjakih in ostalih zavarovanih prostorih, kjer je jakost naravnega sevanja velikokrat majhna, je vzgoja rastlin odvisna od dosvetljevanja, ki omogoča optimizacijo fotosinteze, povečanje pridelka in celoletno vzgojo rastlin. Dolgo časa so se raziskave povezane z umetnimi viri osvetljevanja osredotočale predvsem na izboljšanje učinkovitosti za fotosintezo. Vloga kvalitete svetlobe pri rastlinski pridelavi je postala zanimiva šele pred kratkim, z razvojem energetsko učinkovite, napredne LED tehnologije, katere glavna prednost je, da omogoča nadzor nad spektralno sestavo svetlobe. Rdeča in dolgovalovna rdeča svetloba, ki jo rastline zaznavajo s fotoreceptorji fitokromi, sprožita številne morfološke in razvojne procese, ki vplivajo na količino in kvaliteto pridelka. Za dober izkoristek vseh prednosti LED tehnologije in razvoj “LED matrik” za specifično rastlinsko uporabo, je potrebno dobro razumevanje vpliva spektralne sestave svetlobe na rast in razvoj rastlin. V prispevku je predstavljen pregled napredka na področju upravljanja s svetlobo, s povdarkom na dolgovalovni rdeči svetlobi in razmerju med rdečo in dolgovalovno rdečo svetlobo, za povečanje in izboljšanje kakovosti pridelka, ter uravnavanje zgradbe rastlin in cvetenja v pridelavi vrtnin in okrasnih rastlin.


Ključne besede


dolgovalovna rdeča svetloba; rastlinjak; LED luči; kvaliteta svetlobe; fotomorfogeneza; R : FR razmerje

Celotno besedilo:

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Literatura


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2020.116.1.1652

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