Inventarizacija parazitoidov koruzne vešče (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, 1796) in možnosti njenega biotičnega zatiranja v Sloveniji

Jaka RAZINGER, Špela MODIC, Annette HERZ, Gregor UREK

Povzetek


Koruzna vešča (Ostrinia nubilalis) (ECB) je pomemben škodljivec koruze v srednji in severni Evropi. V številnih evropskih državah jo obvladujejo z insekticidi, kar pa ne velja za Slovenijo, saj poleg tega, da je populacijski pritisk tega škodljivca zelo spremenljiv oziroma nepredvidljiv, tudi ni na voljo ustrezne škropilne tehnike. Glede na zastavljene cilje EU, ki so usmerjeni v zmanjševanje tveganja zaradi rabe fitofarmacevtskih sredstev, je uporaba biotičnih agensov, kot je na primer množični izpust parazitoidov iz rodu Trichogramma proti ECB dobrodošla in obetavna alternativa kemičnim sredstvom. Znanje o zastopanosti in razširjenosti parazitoidov ECB iz reda kožekrilcev je v Sloveniji še vedno pomanjkljivo. Za preučitev možnosti obvladovanja ECB z biotičnimi agensi smo leta 2010 začeli sistematično spremljati navzočnost in razširjenost parazitoidov ECB na koruznih poljih. Dodatno smo v letih 2011 in 2012 spremljali nalet ECB v Jabljah in Rakičanu. Na obeh lokacijah smo odkrili dva rodova ECB. Škodljivec se je navadno pojavil najprej v Rakičanu konec maja. V petih letih raziskave smo v Sloveniji naleteli na dve vrsti parazitoidov ECB, in sicer na vrsto Trichogramma brassicae, ki smo jo izolirali iz parazitiranih jajčec ECB in na vrsto Tycherus nigridens, ki smo jo izolirali iz parazitiranih bub ECB. Stopnja parazitizma je bila 6 % za T. brassicae in 7 % za T. nigridens. Vrsta T. nigridens predstavlja novo taksonomsko najdbo za Slovenijo. Zaključujemo, da je izvajanje sistematičnega iskanja in inventarizacije naravnih sovražnikov kmetijskih škodljivcev nujnega pomena za Slovenijo.

Ključne besede


biotično varstvo; Ichneumonidae; koruza; nove najdbe; parazitoidi; Tycherus nigridens; škodljivci koruze; Trichogrammatidae; Trichogramma brassicae; Zea mays

Celotno besedilo:

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2016.107.1.10

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