Tradicionalne in molekularne metode za determinacijo ščitkarjev (Aleyrodidae)

Maja DOBRAJC, Sebastjan RADIŠEK, Jernej JAKŠE, Stanislav TRDAN

Povzetek


Ščitkarji (Aleyrodidae) so vrstno manj pestra skupina žuželk, ki obsega okoli 1500 vrst iz 160 rodov. Zaradi prehranjevanja z rastlinskimi sokovi so pomembni škodljivci kmetijskih in okrasnih rastlinskih vrst, kjer povzročajo neposredno in posredno škodo. Večina vrst izvira iz tropskih območij, pri nas pa so najpogostejši v rastlinjakih. Z vse pogostejšim vnosom ščitkarjev na nova območja in njihovih invazivnim delovanjem, je determinacija teh žuželk pomemben sestavni del varstva rastlin. Identifikacija ščitkarjev v stadiju odraslega osebka je zahtevna in problematična. Za morfološko determinacijo in taksonomsko določitev je primerna le razvojna stopnja puparija, zato so določevalni ključi redki in pomanjkljivi. Oblika puparija je odvisna od gostiteljskih rastlin in abiotskih vplivov, zato sta nabiranje in nadaljnja determinacija pogosto težavni. Razvoj modernih metod determinacije in genetska diagnostika je omogočila natančnejšo determinacijo, preučitev filogenetskih povezav med vrstami ščitkarjev in pripravo načrtov za biotično zatiranje teh škodljivcev. Najpogosteje se v modernem pristopu determinacije ščitkarjev uporabljajo računalniški programi za analizo fotografije, molekularne metode izolacije DNA in sekvenciranje.


Ključne besede


morfološka determinacija; mtCOI; programska oprema proposed sistem; ščitkarji; škodljivci

Celotno besedilo:

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Literatura


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2020.116.2.1949

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