Odločanje kmetov z območja Haloz o vključevanju v kmetijsko-okoljske ukrepe za ohranjanje ekstenzivne rabe travinja

Ana NOVAK, Tanja ŠUMRADA, Majda ČERNIČ ISTENIČ, Emil ERJAVEC

Povzetek


Razumevanje dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na odločitev kmetov za vključitev v kmetijsko-okoljske ukrepe (KOU), je ključnega pomena za doseganje zastavljenih okoljskih ciljev kmetijske politike. Z analizo podatkov, ki smo jih pridobili z anketo na 258 kmetijah in z 40 intervjuji s kmeti na območju Haloz, smo raziskali dejavnike vključevanja kmetov v KOU, ki so namenjeni ohranjanju ekstenzivne rabe travinja. Največji vpliv na pripravljenost kmetov za vključevanje v KOU so imeli višina plačila in s tem vpliv ukrepa na dohodek kmetije ter odnos kmetov do kmetijske dejavnosti in ohranjanja narave. Med anketirani kmeti je prevladovala osredotočenost na proizvodnjo, medtem ko so pomen ohranjanja travinja povezovali predvsem z zagotavljanjem urejene krajine ter doseganja proizvodnih in ekonomskih ciljev. Ohranjanje travinja iz vidika biotske pestrosti je imelo med večino anketirancev manjši, pogosto zanemarljiv pomen. Rezultati kažejo na potrebo po okrepitvi izobraževanja z namenom izboljšanja razumevanja povezav med kmetijstvom in naravo. Slednje je mogoče spodbuditi s krepitvijo svetovalne podpore ter uporabo lokalno in praktično naravnanih pristopov prenosa znanja, pa tudi z uvedbo rezultatsko zasnovanih KOU.


Ključne besede


kmetijsko-okoljski ukrepi; vključanje kmetov; odločitveni proces; socialni kapital; samoindentiteta; biotska pestrost; ohranjanje travinja; Slovenija

Celotno besedilo:

PDF

Literatura


Acock, A. C. (2014). A Gentle Introduction to Stata. 4. izdaja. College Station, Texas: Stata Press.

Ahnström, J., Höckert, J., Bergeå, H. L., Francis, C. A., Skelton, P., & Hallgren, L. (2009). Farmers and nature conservation: What is known about attitudes, context factors and actions affecting conservation? Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 24(01), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170508002391

Barreiro-Hurlé, J., Espinosa-Goded, M., & Dupraz, P. (2010). Does intensity of change matter? Factors affecting adoption of agri-environmental schemes in Spain. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 53(7), 891–905. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2010.490058

Batáry, P., Dicks, L. V., Kleijn, D., & Sutherland, W. J. (2015). The role of agri-environment schemes in conservation and environmental management: European Agri-Environment Schemes. Conservation Biology, 29(4), 1006–1016. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12536

Bergeå, H. L., Martin, C., & Sahlström, F. (2008). “I don’t know what you’re looking for”: Professional vision in Swedish agricultural extension on nature conservation management. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 14(4), 329–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/13892240802416244

Birge, T., & Herzon, I. (2019). Exploring cultural acceptability of a hypothetical results-based agri-environment payment for grassland biodiversity. Journal of Rural Studies, 67, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.02.006

Brdnik, J. (2019). Travniki—Izkušnje s projekta Life to Grasslands. Kmetijsko gozdarski zavod Ptuj. Pridobljeno s https://www.kgzs.si/uploads/dokumenti/druga_gradiva/travniki_-_jelka_brdnik.pdf

Brotherton, I. (1989). Farmer participation in voluntary land diversion schemes: Some observations from theory. Journal of Rural Studies, 5(3), 299–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(89)90008-9

Brown, C., Kovacs, E., Herzon, I., Villamayor-Tomas, S., Albizua, A., Galanaki, A., … Zinngrebe, Y. (2020). Simplistic understandings of farmer motivations could undermine the environmental potential of the common agricultural policy. Land Use Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105136

Burton, R.J.F. (2004). Seeing through the „good farmer’s“ eyes: Towards developing an understanding of the social symbolic value of „productivist“ behaviour. Sociologia Ruralis, 44(2), 195–215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2004.00270.x

Burton, Rob J. F. (2014). The influence of farmer demographic characteristics on environmental behaviour: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 135, 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.12.005

Burton, Rob J. F., & Paragahawewa, U. H. (2011). Creating culturally sustainable agri-environmental schemes. Journal of Rural Studies, 27(1), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2010.11.001

Burton, Rob J. F., & Schwarz, G. (2013). Result-oriented agri-environmental schemes in Europe and their potential for promoting behavioural change. Land Use Policy, 30(1), 628–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.05.002

Burton, Rob. J.F., Kuczera, C., & Schwarz, G. (2008). Exploring farmers’ cultural resistance to voluntary agri-environmental schemes. Sociologia Ruralis, 48(1), 16–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2008.00452.x

Capitanio, F., Adinolfi, F., & Malorgio, G. (2011). What explains farmers’ participation in Rural Development Policy in Italian southern region? An empirical analysis. New Medit, 10(4), 19–24.

Cullen, P., Ryan, M., O’Donoghue, C., Hynes, S., hUallacháin, D. Ó., & Sheridan, H. (2020). Impact of farmer self-identity and attitudes on participation in agri-environment schemes. Land Use Policy, 95, 104660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104660

Cunder, T. (2008). Okoljski kazalci - Kmetijska območja visoke naravne vrednosti. Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje. Pridobljeno s http://kazalci.arso.gov.si/sl/content/kmetijska-obmocja-visoke-naravne-vrednosti

de Snoo, G. R., Herzon, I., Staats, H., Burton, R. J. F., Schindler, S., van Dijk, J., … Musters, C. J. M. (2013). Toward effective nature conservation on farmland: Making farmers matter. Conservation Letters, 6(1), 66–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00296.x

Defrancesco, E., Gatto, P., Runge, F., & Trestini, S. (2007). Factors affecting farmers’ participation in agri-environmental measures: A Northern Italian perspective. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 59(1), 114–131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2007.00134.x

Direktiva 92/43/EGS. Direktiva o ohranjanju naravnih habitatov ter prosto živečih živalskih in rastlinskih vrst. Svet Evropske unije. Pridobljeno s http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/1992/43/oj

Drury, R., Homewood, K., & Randall, S. (2011). Less is more: The potential of qualitative approaches in conservation research: Qualitative approaches in conservation research. Animal Conservation, 14(1), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00375.x

EC. (2019). EU Habitati Action Plan: Action plan to maintain and restore to favourable conservation status the habitat type 6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (*important orchid sites). Evropska komisija. Pridobljeno s https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/management/pdf/EUHabitat_ap6210.pdf

ECA. (2011). Is agri-environment support well designed and managed?. Special report no. 7/2011. Evropsko računsko sodišče. Pridobljeno s https://www.eca.europa.eu/Lists/ECADocuments/SR11_07/SR11_07_EN.PDF

Erjavec, E., Šumrada, T., Juvančič, L., Rac, I., Cunder, T., Bedrač, … Volk, T. (2018). Vrednotenje slovenske kmetijske politike v obdobju 2015-2020: Raziskovalna podpora za strateško načrtovanje po letu 2020. Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije. Pridobljeno s https://www.program-podezelja.si/sl/knjiznica/287-vrednotenje-slovenske-kmetijske-politike-v-obdobju-2015-2020/file

Falconer, K. (2000). Farm-level constraints on agri-environmental scheme participation: A transactional perspective. Journal of Rural Studies, 16(3), 379–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(99)00066-2

Faure, G., Desjeux, Y., & Gasselin, P. (2012). New challenges in agricultural advisory services from a research perspective: A literature review, synthesis and research agenda. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 18(5), 461–492. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2012.707063

Herzon, I., Birge, T., Allen, B., Povellato, A., Vanni, F., Hart, K., … Pražan, J. (2018). Time to look for evidence: Results-based approach to biodiversity conservation on farmland in Europe. Land Use Policy, 71, 347–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.12.011

Hounsome, B., Edwards, R. T., & Edwards-Jones, G. (2006). A note on the effect of farmer mental health on adoption: The case of agri-environment schemes. Agricultural Systems, 91(3), 229–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2006.09.001

Hynes, S., & Garvey, E. (2009). Modelling farmers’ participation in an agri-environmental scheme using panel data: An application to the rural environment protection scheme in Ireland. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 60(3), 546–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2009.00210.x

Ingram, J. (2008). Agronomist–farmer knowledge encounters: An analysis of knowledge exchange in the context of best management practices in England. Agriculture and Human Values, 25(3), 405–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-008-9134-0

Ivanjšič, D., Pintarič, D., Škornik, S., Kaligarič, M., & Pipenbaher, N. (2020). SOSKOPOP Haloze: A decision support system for potential claimants of grassland-targeted agri-environment measures. Journal for Geography, 14(1), 49–64. Pridobljeno s https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340133351_SOSKOPOP_Haloze_a_decision_support_system_for_potential_claimants_of_grassland-targeted_agri-environment_measures

Jakopič, M., & Trčak, B. (2006). Natura 2000 v Halozah: Travišča in flora. Center za kartografijo favne in flore. Pridobljeno s http://www.ckff.si/publikacije/zl_haloze_tx.pdf

Kaligarič, M., Čuš, J., Škornik, S., & Ivajnšič, D. (2019). The failure of agri-environment measures to promote and conserve grassland biodiversity in Slovenia. Land Use Policy, 80, 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.10.013

Kleijn, D., & Sutherland, W. J. (2003). How effective are European agri-environment schemes in conserving and promoting biodiversity? Journal of Applied Ecology, 40(6), 947–969. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2003.00868.x

Kleijn, D., Baquero, R. A., Clough, Y., Díaz, M., Esteban, J. D., Fernández, F., … Yela, J. L. (2006). Mixed biodiversity benefits of agri-environment schemes in five European countries. Ecology Letters, 9(3), 243–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00869.x

Korošec, V. (2019). Haloško kmetijstvo kot dejavnik regionalnega razvoja. V: Kulturna pokrajina Haloz (Let. 2019, str. 105–128). Pridobljeno s http://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-WZC5I81Y/?euapi=1&query=%27keywords%3dhaloze%27&sortDir=ASC&sort=date&pageSize=25&fyear=2019

Kus Veenvliet, J. (2012). Analiza doseganja ciljev Strategije ohranjanja biotske raznovrstnosti v Sloveniji. Zavod Symbiosis. Pridobljeno s https://zavod-symbiosis.si/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Analiza_strategije_celotno_porocilo.pdf

Lastra-Bravo, X. B., Hubbard, C., Garrod, G., & Tolón-Becerra, A. (2015). What drives farmers’ participation in EU agri-environmental schemes?: Results from a qualitative meta-analysis. Environmental Science & Policy, 54, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.06.002

Lipovšek, M. (2015). Kukavičevke v Halozah (vzhodna Slovenija). Folia biologica et geologica, 56(3), 163–167.

Mack, G., Ritzel, C., & Jan, P. (2020). Determinants for the implementation of action-, result- and multi-actor-oriented agri-environment schemes in Switzerland. Ecological Economics, 176, 106715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106715

Mathijs, E. (2003). Social capital and farmers’ willingness to adopt countryside stewardship schemes. Outlook on Agriculture, 32(1), 13–16. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000003101294217

Matzdorf, B., & Lorenz, J. (2010). How cost-effective are result-oriented agri-environmental measures?—An empirical analysis in Germany. Land Use Policy, 27(2), 535–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.07.011

Mesec, B., & Lamovec, T. (1998). Uvod v kvalitativno raziskovanje v socialnem delu. Ljubljana: Visoka šola za socialno delo.

MKGP. (2015). Program razvoja podeželja RS za obdobje 2007-2013, 9. sprememba. Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in prehrano. Pridobljeno s https://www.program-podezelja.si/images/SPLETNA_STRAN_PRP_NOVA/2_PRP_2007-2013/2_1_Dokumenti/9._sprememba/PRP_07-13_9._spr.pdf

MKGP. (2020). Program razvoja podeželja RS za obdobje 2014-2020 (CCI 2014SI06RDNP001). Različica 11.1. Evropska komisija. Pridobljeno s https://skp.si/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/9._sprememba_PRP_2014-2020_potrjen_11_1_sl.pdf

Morris, C., & Potter, C. (1995). Recruiting the new conservationists: Farmers’ adoption of agri-environmental schemes in the U.K. Journal of Rural Studies, 11(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(94)00037-A

Niens, C., & Marggraf, R. (2010). Recommendations for increasing the acceptance of agri- environmental schemes—Results of an empirical study in Lower Saxony. Berichte uber Landwirtschaft, 88(1), 5–36.

O’Rourke, E., & Kramm, N. (2012). High nature value (HNV) farming and the management of upland diversity. A review. European Countryside, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.2478/v10091-012-0018-3

OECD. (2017). Evaluation of Agricultural Policy Reforms in the European Union The Common Agricultural Policy 2014-20: The Common Agricultural Policy 2014-20. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264278783-en

Paracchini, M., Petersen, J. E., Hoogeveen, Y., Bamps, C., Burfield, I., & Swaay, C. (2008). High nature value farmland in Europe—An estimate of the distribution patterns on the basis of land cover and biodiversity data. Publications Office of the European Union. Pridobljeno s http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/10604b27-10b3-46c7-83f6-e7202684c36a/language-en

Pavlis, E. S., Terkenli, T. S., Kristensen, S. B. P., Busck, A. G., & Cosor, G. L. (2016). Patterns of agri-environmental scheme participation in Europe: Indicative trends from selected case studies. Land Use Policy, 57, 800–812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.09.024

Peerlings, J., & Polman, N. (2009). Farm choice between agri-environmental contracts in the European Union. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 52(5), 593–612. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640560902958131

Poláková, J., Tucker, G., Hart, K., Dwyer, J., & Rayment, M. (2011). Addressing biodiversity and habitat preservation through measures applied under the Common Agricultural Policy. Report Prepared for DG Agriculture and Rural De-velopment, Contract No. 30-CE-0388497/00-44 (str. 357). Institute for European Environmental Policy. Pridobljeno s http://www.euroconsulting.be/upload/news/documents/20120509103345_Report_bio_090512.pdf

Potter, C., & Lobley, M. (1992). The conservation status and potential of elderly farmers: Results from a survey in England and Wales. Journal of Rural Studies, 8(2), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(92)90072-E

Pust Vučajnk, M., & Udovč, A. (2008). Stališča kmetov ter kmetijskih svetovalcev do Slovenskega kmetijskega okoljskega programa. V A. Tajnšek (ur.). Novi izzivi v poljedelstvu 2008: Zbornik simpozija (202–207). Slovensko agronomsko društvo. Pridobljeno s http://www.bf.uni-lj.si/fileadmin/groups/2722/Zbornik_simpozija_2008.pdf

Riley, M. (2011). Turning farmers into conservationists? Progress and prospects. Geography Compass, 5(6), 369–389. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2011.00423.x

Roblek, V. (2009). Primer izpeljave analize besedila v kvalitativni raziskavi. Management, 1(4), 53–69.

Ruto, E., & Garrod, G. (2009). Investigating farmers’ preferences for the design of agri-environment schemes: A choice experiment approach. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 52(5), 631–647. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640560902958172

Ryan, R. L., Erickson, D. L., & Young, R. D. (2003). Farmers’ motivations for adopting conservation practices along riparian zones in a mid-western agricultural watershed. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 46(1), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/713676702

Saldana, J. (2015). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. London: SAGE Publications.

Schenk, A., Hunziker, M., & Kienast, F. (2007). Factors influencing the acceptance of nature conservation measures—A qualitative study in Switzerland. Journal of Environmental Management, 83(1), 66–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.01.010

Schmitzberger, I., Wrbka, Th., Steurer, B., Aschenbrenner, G., Peterseil, J., & Zechmeister, H. G. (2005). How farming styles influence biodiversity maintenance in Austrian agricultural landscapes. Agri-Environmental Schemes as Landscape Experiments, 108(3), 274–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.009

Siebert, R., Toogood, M., & Knierim, A. (2006). Factors affecting European farmers’ participation in biodiversity policies. Sociologia Ruralis, 46(4), 318–340. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2006.00420.x

Signorotti, C., Marconi, V., Raggi, M., & Viaggi, D. (2013). How do agri-environmental schemes (AES’s) contribute to high nature value (HNV) farmland: A case study in Emilia Romagna. 2nd AIEAA Conference “Between Crisis and Development: which Role for the Bio-Economy”. Parma: Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.149762

Silvasti, T. (2003). The cultural model of “the good farmer” and the environmental question in Finland. Agriculture and Human Values, 20(2), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024021811419

Slovenc, M. (2019). Can a “Good Farmer” and a “Bad Farmer” Cooperate?: An Examination of Conventional and Organic Farmers’ Perceptions of Production and Environmental Protection. V A. A. Lukšič & T. Tkalec (Ur.), Intertwining of diverse minds in(to) political ecology: Scientific texts of doctoral students participating in the Summer school of political ecology (str. 111–129). Inštitut Časopis za kritiko znanosti. Pridobljeno s https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340681391_Can_a_Good_Farmer_and_a_Bad_Farmer_Cooperate_An_Examination_of_Conventional_and_Organi

SURS. 2020. Podatkovna baza SiStat. Kmetijstvo in ribištvo. Statistični urad Republike Slovenije. Pridobljeno s https://pxweb.stat.si/SiStatDb/pxweb/sl/30_Okolje/

Sutherland, L.-A., & Darnhofer, I. (2012). Of organic farmers and ‘good farmers’: Changing habitus in rural England. Journal of Rural Studies, 28(3), 232–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2012.03.003

Špur, N., Šorgo, A., & Škornik, S. (2018). Predictive model for meadow owners’ participation in agri-environmental climate schemes in Natura 2000 areas. Land Use Policy, 73, 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.01.014

Šumrada, T., & Erjavec, E. (2020). Designs and characteristics of agri-environmental measures. Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 116(1), 157–178. https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2020.116.1.1775

Šumrada, T., & Erjavec, E. (2020). Zasnove kmetijsko-okoljskih ukrepov in njihove značilnosti. Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 116(1), 157–178. https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2020.116.1.1775

Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (1998). Mixed Methodology: Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. London: SAGE Publications.

Thomas, E., Riley, M., & Spees, J. (2019). Good farming beyond farmland – Riparian environments and the concept of the ‘good farmer’. Journal of Rural Studies, 67, 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.02.015

Torkar, G., Zimmermann, B., & Willebrand, T. (2011). Qualitative interviews in human dimensions studies about nature conservation. Varstvo narave, 25, 39–52.

Travnikar, T., & Volk, T. (2016). Okoljski kazalci - Površine zemljišč s kmetijsko-okoljskimi ukrepi. Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje. Pridobljeno s: http://kazalci.arso.gov.si/sl/content/povrsine-zemljisc-s-kmetijsko-okoljskimi-ukrepi-2

Uthes, S., & Matzdorf, B. (2013). Studies on agri-environmental measures: A survey of the literature. Environmental Management, 51(1), 251–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-012-9959-6

Vlada RS. 2015. Program upravljanja območij Natura 2000 (2015–2020) (št. 00719-6/2015/13). Ljubljana: Vlada RS. Pridobljeno s http://www.natura2000.si/fileadmin/user_upload/Dokumenti/Life_Upravljanje/PUN__ProgramNatura.pdf

Whittingham, M. J. (2011). The future of agri-environment schemes: Biodiversity gains and ecosystem service delivery? Journal of Applied Ecology, 48(3), 509–513. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01987.x

Wilson, G. A. (1997). Factors influencing farmer participation in the environmentally sensitive areas scheme. Journal of Environmental Management, 50(1), 67–93. https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.1996.0095

Wilson, G. A., & Hart, K. (2000). Financial imperative or conservation concern? EU farmers’ motivations for participation involuntary agri-environmental schemes. Environment and Planning A, 32(12), 2161–2185. https://doi.org/10.1068/a3311

Włodarczyk-Marciniak, R., Frankiewicz, P., & Krauze, K. (2020). Socio-cultural valuation of Polish agricultural landscape components by farmers and its consequences. Journal of Rural Studies, 74, 190–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.01.017

Žgavec, D., Eler, K., Udovč, A., & Batič, F. (2013). Contribution of agricultural policy measures to maintain grassland areas (the case of Radensko Polje Landscape Park). Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 101(1). https://doi.org/10.2478/acas-2013-0009

Žiberna, I. (2012). „Spreminjanje rabe zemljišč v Halozah v obdobju med letoma 2000 in 2011“. Geografski obzornik, 59 (1/2), 12–19.

Žvikart, M. (2010). Uresničevanje varstvenih ciljev iz programa upravljanja območij Natura 2000 v kmetijski kulturni krajini. Varstvo narave, 24, 21–34.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2022.118.1.2011

Povratne povezave

  • Trenutno ni nobenih povratnih povezav.


Avtorske pravice (c) 2022 Ana NOVAK, Tanja ŠUMRADA, Majda ČERNIČ ISTENIČ, Emil ERJAVEC

 

Acta agriculturae Slovenica je odprtodostopna revija, ki objavlja pod pogoji licence Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva (CC BY).

                     


eISSN 1854-1941