Preliminarna raziskava o pridelku semena in hranilnih lastnosti čičerke (Cicer arietinum L.) tipa desi, rastoče v osrednji Italiji pri spomladanski setvi

Paolo CASINI

Povzetek


V Italiji je pridelovanje čičerke (Cicer arietinum L.) izključno omejeno na južna območja, kjer gojijo pretežno kabuli tip, lokalno tudi domače lokalne rase tipa desi , vključno z apulijsko črno čičerko. Povečanje zanimanja za tip desi med kmeti in potrošniki temelji na njeni hranilni vrednosti, kar ustvarja nišo na trgu zdrave hrane. Podatki o vrednotenju pridelave in kemijski sestavi desi čičerke so v osrednji Itali zelo redki. Zaradi tega je bila izvedena preliminarna raziskava za ovrednotenje uspevanja v agroklimatkih razmerah srednje Italije na trinajstih linijah desi čičerke, z akcesijami različnega izvora, hkrati s črno apulijsko čičerko (ABC). Akcesije so bile posejane enaindvajsetega marca, leta 2019, brez namakanja. Določene so bile glavne kakovostne lastnosti, kot je vsebnost beljakovin in celokupnih vlaknin. Pridelek je bilo odličen pri 57 % akcesij, pri nekaterih je presegal 3,0 t ha-1. Maksimalni pridelek, 4,1 t ha-1, je bil zabeležen pri ‘PI598080’ (z rjavimi semeni, indijskega izvora). ‘W617611’ (s črnimi semeni, turškega izvora) je bila najzgodnejša v cvetenju, 74 dni po setvi, kar omogoča tej akcesiji, da pobegne suši in visokim temperaturam. Zgodaj cvetoče linije so vključevale še ‘PI533676’ (s črnimi semeni, ukrajinskega izvora) in ‘PI567850’ (s črnimi semeni, pakistanskega izvora). Zgradba rastlin, ki se nanaša na poprečno višino rastlin (47,0 cm), višino prvega stroka (30,8 cm) in število stranskih poganjkov na rastlino (2,6) je pokazala, da je večina akcesij primerna za žetev s kombajni, kar je nepogrešljiv predpogoj za ekonomsko vzdržno gojenje te poljščine. Poprečna vsebnost beljakovin je bila 22,7 %, z maksimalno vsebnostjo, ki presega 24 % (‘PI572520’, s črnimi semeni, sirijskega izvora, ‘W617614’, s črnimi semeni, turškega izvora in ‘PI572850’). Vsebnost vlaknin je bila zelo različna in je znašala od 4,6 % do 12,0 %. Raziskava daje osnovo za bodoče uvajanje desi čičerke v osrednji Italiji, s potencialom vzdržnega pridelka in kakovosti.


Ključne besede


desi čičerka; osrednja Italija; spomladanska setev; Cicer arietinum L.

Celotno besedilo:

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Literatura


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2022.118.1.2058

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Avtorske pravice (c) 2022 Paolo CASINI

 

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