Genetska variabilnost pridelka semen in nekaterih agronomsko-morfoloških lastnosti genotipov boba (Vicia faba L.)

Peyman SHARIFI

Povzetek


Raziskava je bila opravljena za izbor najdonosnejših genotipov boba z namenom oceniti heritabilnost oz. dednostni delež pridelka semen in nekaterih agronomsko-morfoloških lastnosti. Rezultati dobljeni z analizo variance so pokazali, da se vsi obravnavani genotipi značilno razlikujejo v vseh proučevanih lastnostih. Za maso 100-semen sta se izkazali najboljši dve akcesiji iz severnega Irana, (G1 in G2) in dve izboljšani sorti,’France’ (G4) ‘Barrakat’ (G10), katerih masa je znašala, 161.33, 139, 119.67 in 166 g. Genotipa G1 in G10 sta imela največjo maso suhih semen na enoto površine (473.98 in 495.44 g m-2). Ista genotipa sta izkazala tudi večje vrednosti pri drugih analiziranih lastnostih. Ocene dednostnega deleža v širšem smislu (h2) so bile na splošno velike do zmerne za vse analizirane lastnosti. Največji delež k splošni dednosti so v vrednosti 98 % prispevali dolžina strokov, dolžina in širina suhega zrna in 0.95 masa stotih semen. Ocenjena splošna dednost za pridelek suhih semen na enoto površine je bila 0.80. Ti rezultati so pokazali, da so imeli okoljski dejavniki majhen vpliv na lastnost z velikim dednostnim deležem. Velike ocene dednostnega deleža so pokazale, da je selekcija, ki bi temeljila na povprečnih vrednostih lastnosti primerna za njihovo izboljšanje. Velik dednostni delež lastnosti označuje aditivni učinek genov in možno izboljšanje lastnosti s selekcijo. Analiza združevanja lastnosti je pokazala, da so imele lastnosti, ki so vključevale število dni do žetve, dolžino stroka, maso stotih semen in število stebel na rastlino največjo vlogo pri določanju pridelka semen boba. V žlahniteljskih programih s selekcijo bi bilo potrebno posvečati pozornost tistim lastnostim boba, ki prispevajo k povečanju pridelka semen. Izsledki te raziskave kažejo, da mora biti izbrana in spremljanja vsaka ali vse analizirane lastnosti, ki imajo vpliv na velikost pridelka v danih razmerah.

Ključne besede


genetska variabilnost; aditivno delovanje genov; žlahtnjenje rastlin; bob; Vicia faba; selekcija

Celotno besedilo:

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Literatura


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2015.105.1.08

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