Pošlji prispevek (e-pošta) Odpornost cvetnih brstov jablane na mraz med mirovanjem
Povzetek
Na uspešno pridelavo jabolk vplivajo poškodbe zaradi mraza. Pojavljanje ekstremnih temperatur se povečuje po vsem svetu zaradi globalnega segrevanja, zato se tudi povečuje tveganje za pozebe v nasadih jablan med mirovanjem ali v času cvetenja. V raziskavi je bila preučevana odpornost na mraz cvetnih brstov osmih sort jablane z umetnim zmrzovanjem v štirih zaporednih rastnih sezonah na Madžarsekm. Preučevani izbor sort je obsegal dve standardni komercialni sorti (‘Gala’, ‘Idared’), dve na škrlup odporni sorti iz tujih žlahniteljskih programov (‘Florina’, ‘Prima’) in štiri madžarske multirezistentne sorte (v glavnem odporne na škrlup) (‘Artemisz’, ‘Cordelia’, ‘Hesztia’, ‘Rosmerta’). Med sortami in leti so bile opazne razlike glede na mrazno odpornost njihovih prezimnih generativnih organov. Na koncu obdobja odpornosti na mraz, v januarju, so bile LT50 vrednosti cvetnih brstov med -22,4 °C in -30,4 °C, odvisno od sorte in leta. LT50 pomeni, da temperatura povzroči 50 % mraznih poškodb v cvetnih brstih pri določeni sorti v določenem času. ‘Gala’ and ‘Florina’ sta bili na mraz najbolj odporni medtem, ko so bile ‘Prima’, ‘Cordelia’ in ‘Idared’ na mraz najbolj občutljive. Odpornost cvetnih brstov na mraz je bila pri ‘Artemisz’, ‘Rosmerta’ in ‘Hesztia’ vedno med vrednostmi obeh prej omenjenih ekstremnih skupin. V zimah z netipičnim vremenom cvetni brsti niso bili sposobni doseči genetsko pogojene odpornosti na mraz.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2022.118.4.2677
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