Vloga malih RNK pri odzivu rastlin na okužbo s patogenimi organizmi

Urban KUNEJ, Ester STAJIČ

Povzetek


Rastline imajo razvite raznolike in kompleksne mehanizme za regulacijo izražanja genov. Nedavno je bil odkrit nov mehanizem, imenovan RNK interferenca (RNKi). Osrednjo vlogo v RNKi imajo male nekodirajoče RNK (sRNK) dolge od 21-24 nukleotidov, ki z vezavo na komplementarna mesta v transkriptih preprečijo njihovo prevajanje v proteine. Ker sRNK definira izvor, strukturne lastnosti prekurzorjev ter sekvenčne lastnosti, jih delimo v več različnih razredov. mikroRNK (miRNK) ter sekundarne male interferenčne RNK (siRNK), med katere prištevamo tasiRNK in phasiRNK imajo pomembno vlogo v regulaciji izražanja genov v številnih bioloških procesih ter odzivu rastlin na biotske ali abiotske dejavnike stresa. Kljub številnim ohranjenim sRNK med rastlinskimi vrstami ter karakterizaciji njihovega delovanja, do danes še ni celovitega razumevanja njihove vloge v obrambnem odzivu rastlin pred fitopatogeni. Ta pregled povzema trenutno razumevanje patogeneze verticilijske uvelosti, obrambnega mehanizma rastlin pred fitopatogeni in biogeneze ter vloge miRNK, tasiRNK ter phasiRNK v obrambnem odzivu rastlin pred glivnimi patogeni. Nadaljnje raziskave rastlinskih sRNK in njihovo izražanje v odzivu rastlin na različne fitopatogene organizme so potrebne za jasno določitev njihove vloge. Novi pristopi sekvenciranja ter bioinformacijske analize in napovedovanja vloge miRNK tarč v času okužb nam lahko pri nemodelnih organizmih omogočijo razvoj novih načinov varstva rastlin.


Ključne besede


biotski stres; mikroRNK; Verticillium nonalfalfae; male RNK

Celotno besedilo:

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Literatura


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2022.118.4.2831

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