Vloga transpozonskih elementov v evoluciji in prilagoditvah kmetijskih rastlin

Žana Marin, Nataša Štajner

Povzetek


Transpozonski elementi (TE) so odseki DNK, ki predvsem pri rastlinah predstavljajo največji delež genoma. Prav zaradi njihove številčnosti in sposobnosti prehajanja znotraj genoma, lahko ključno vplivajo na fenotipske spremembe in evolucijo rastlinskih vrst, predvsem pa tudi omogočajo prilagoditev rastlin na stresne dejavnike. Preko genetskih in epigenetskih mehanizmov delovanja spreminjajo zgradbo genov, vplivajo na njihovo izražanje in ustvarjajo nova regulatorna omrežja. Delež genoma, ki ga predstavljajo in vpliv, ki ga imajo na le-tega, se med posameznimi vrstami močno razlikuje, bili pa so odkriti v vseh do sedaj raziskanih rastlinskih genomih. S svojim delovanjem med drugim pogosto povzročijo škodljive mutacije, zato je njihovo izražanje s strani gostitelja navadno dobro nadzorovano. Poznavanje mehanizmov delovanja transpozonskih elementov in njihovo nadaljnje raziskovanje bodo še v večji meri omogočali njihovo uporabo, na primer za namen izboljšanja agronomsko pomembnih lastnosti poljščin, za odpornost na bolezni in škodljivce in za zatiranje invazivnih vrs.

 


Ključne besede


transpozonski elementi,mobilna DNK, evolucija rastlin, prilagajanje na stres

Celotno besedilo:

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Literatura


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2016.107.2.21

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