PREGLED VARSTVA PRED OLJČNO MUHO (Bactrocera oleae (Rossi, 1790) Gmelin) IN MOLEKULARNIH METOD ZA SPREMLJANJE ALELOV, ODGOVORNIH ZA RAZVOJ ODPORNOSTI NA INSEKTICIDE

Matjaž Hladnik

Povzetek


Oljčna muha (Bactrocera oleae) je eden najpomembnejših svetovno razširjenih škodljivcev oljke. Večina varstvenih ukrepov temelji na insekticidih, predvsem na organskih fosforjevih estrih, piretroidih in nedavno uvedenem spinosadu. Insekticide se lahko nanese po celotni krošnji. Drugi, okolju prijaznejši način, vključuje uporabo insekticida v kombinaciji z atraktanti in feromoni. Tak pripravek se lahko nanese na del krošnje in deluje kot zastrupljena vaba, ali pa se ga uporabi pri metodi masovnega lovljenja. Zaradi negativnih vplivov insekticidov na okolje se nenehno razvija nove metode varstva, s ciljem zmanjšati porabo insekticidov ali jih celo izločiti. Sem sodijo biološko varstvo z entomopatogeni organizmi, tehnika sterilnih insektov (SIT) ali transgena metoda RIDL (izpust insektov z dominantnimi letalnimi geni). Za doseganje učinkovite zaščite bi bilo omenjene alternativne metode potrebno izboljšati. Alternativne metode so nujne zaradi odpornosti na insekticide, ki se pojavi ob daljši uporabi insekticidov in zmanjšuje njihovo učinkovitost. V okviru članka je bil opravljen pregled molekularnih metod za spremljanje prisotnosti alelov, odgovornih za razvoj odpornosti na insekticide ter pregled stanja prisotnosti rezistenčnih alelov v državah, kjer pridelujejo oljke.

Ključne besede


organski fosforjevi estri; ace gen; rezistenčni aleli; metode varstva rastlin; alternativne metode; spinosad; biološko varstvo

Celotno besedilo:

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Literatura


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2017.109.1.13

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