Učinki načinov setve in uporabe fosforjevih bio-gnojil na pridelek soje od časovno različnih zatiranj plevelov

G. R. MOHAMMADI, S. CHATRNOUR, S. JALALI-HONARMAND, D. KAHRIZI

Povzetek


V raziskavi, ki je bila izvedena na Agricultural Research Farm, Razi University, Kermanshah, zahodni Iran, so bili ovrednoteni učinki prostorske razporeditve rastlin (načinov setve) in uporabe fosforjevih bio-gnojil na pridelek soje in njegove komponente pri različnih zapleveljenostih. Poskus je bil zasnovan kot naključni bločni, trifaktorski poskus s štirimi ponovitvami. Prvi preučevani dejavnik je bila razporeditev rastlin v odvisnosti od načina setve, 50 in 5 cm (P1) ali 25 in 10 cm (P2), kot razdalji setve med vrstami in znotraj vrste. Drugi dejavnik je bila uporaba fosforjevih bio-gnojil (brez inokulacije (I0) in z inokulacijo (I1)) in tretji je bilo obravnavanje s pleveli (cela sezona brez plevelov (W0), zapleveljeno do stopnje razvoja, ko ima soja 4 trojnate liste (W1), zapleveljeno do začetka cvetenja soje (W2) in zapleveljeno celo rastno sezono (W3). Rezultati so pokazali, da je bil pridelek soje največji pri zatiranju plevelov skozi celo rastno sezono in ko je bila soja posejana v vrstah s 25 cm razmikom in z 10 cm razdaljo med rastlinami v vrsti (P2), ne glede na uporabo fosforjeva bio-gnojila. Zapleveljenost celo sezono in odsotnost gnojenja z bio-gnojili je dala ne glede na način setve najmanjši pridelek. Uporaba bio-gnojil ni značilno vplivala na biomaso plevelov. Največja biomasa plevelov je bila, kadar ti niso bili zatirani celo rastno sezono in, ko je bila soja posejana v vrstah s širšim razmikom, torej z manj enakomerno prostorsko razporeditvijo (P1). Pri obravnavanjih W2 in W3, ko je bila soja posejana v vrstah z manjšim razmikom in so bile rastline bolj enakomerno razporejene (P2), so imeli pleveli opazno manjšo biomaso. Takšni razporeditvi rastlin soje (W2 in W3) sta zmanjšali biomaso plevelov za 31.8 in 31.7 %, v primerjavi z raporeditvijo pri obravnavanju P1. Zaključimo lahko, da setev soje v vrstah z ožjim razmikom značilno poveča njen pridelek in zavre rast plevelov. Uporaba fosforjevih bio-gnojil ni imela značilnega vpliva na pridelek soje, kadar je bila ta posejana v vrstah z ožjim razmikom, P2, in če so bili pleveli nadzorovani celo rastno sezono.

Ključne besede


soja; Glycine max; fosforjeva bio-gnijila; razporeditev rastlin; pridelek; nadzor plevelov

Celotno besedilo:

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2015.105.2.14

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