Možnosti okoljsko sprejemljivega zatiranja ameriškega škržatka (Scaphoideus titanus Ball, 1932)

Žiga LAZNIK, Stanislav TRDAN

Povzetek


Ameriški škržatek (Scaphoideus titanus Ball, 1932) je žuželka iz družine malih škržatkov (Cicadellidae), izvorno razširjena po Severni Ameriki. Vrsta je bila vnešena v Evropo, kjer napada vinsko trto in je znana predvsem kot prenašalec fitoplazme Grapevine Flavescence dorée (FD) (Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis), ki povzroča bolezen zlato trsno rumenico. Ameriški škržatek je bil v Sloveniji prvič najden leta 1983 na Primorskem. Zlata trsna rumenica je bila v Sloveniji potrjena leta 2005. Za zatiranje ameriškega škržatka se uporabljajo insekticidi, saj žuželka zaenkrat nima učinkovitih naravnih sovražnikov, ki bi lahko zmanjšali populacijo pod gospodarski prag škodljivosti. Nekateri raziskovalci so mnenja, da je na obeh celinah (Severna Amerika, Evropa) številčnost naravnih sovražnikov ameriškega škržatka zelo majhna. Iz ZDA poročajo, da nekateri parazitoidi (Drynidae: Hymenoptera in Pipunculidae: Diptera) parazitirajo ameriškega škržatka, vendar je odstotek učinkovitosti zelo majhen (od 1,3 do 0,8 %). Med načine integriranega varstva vinske trte pred množičnim pojavom ameriškega škržatka so doslej uporabljali metode zbeganja, termoterapije in privabilne posevke.


Ključne besede


ameriški škržatek; Scaphoideus titanus; biotično varstvo rastlin; integrirano varstvo rastlin

Celotno besedilo:

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Literatura


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2015.105.2.16

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