Vpliv zlatokopov na celokupni dejavnik produktivnosti kmetov: primeri iz Gane

John K. M. KUWORNU, Yaw B. OSEI-ASARE, Michael O. ANSAH, Akwasi MENSAH-BONSU

Povzetek


Zlatokopi prinašajo v dežele v razvoju številne koristi, ki se kažejo v obliki zaposlitev in prihodku, a imajo hkrati negativne učinke na neposredno okolje. Vplivajo na gospodarstvo, vključno s kmetijstvom in njegovo produktivnostjo. V raziskavi je bil na osnovi ankete med 110 pridelovalci kakava na območjih Asutifi North in Asutifi South, regije Brong Ahafo preučevan vpliv zlatokopov na skupno produktivnost kmetov v Gani, ki so bili razdeljeni na območja z in brez rudarjenja. Okrog 83 % kmetov na območjih z rudarjenjem je bilo prizadetih zaradi te aktivnosti in sicer zaradi prepirov za zemljišča, premestitev kmetij/bivališč, velikih stroškov dela, ilegalnega malopovršinskega rudarjenja in usedanja prahu na posevke. Okrog 64 % pridelovalcev kakava je na območjih z rudarjenjem izgubilo svoja kmetijska zemljišča (od 0,4 do 3,64 ha kot posledica zlatokopov). Indeksi Tornqvistove skupne faktorske produktivnosti (TFP) pridelovalcev kakava so bili na območjih brez rudarjenja statistično značilno večji (poprečje TFP = 1,404) kot na območjih z rudarjenjem (poprečje TFP = 0,371). V raziskavi je bilo ugotovljeno, da zlatokopi negativno vplivajo na produktivnost kmetov na preučevanem območju. Na osnovi raziskave lahko priporočamo med drugim, da je učinkovita uporaba doktrine menjave zemljišča za zemljišče primerna, da zagotovi, da se ob delovanju rudarskih družb spodbuja in zagotavlja kontinuiteta kmetijstva preko popolne nadomestitve zemljišč, izgubljenih zaradi rudarjenja.

Ključne besede


zlatokopi; skupna faktorska produktivnost; kakav; Tornqvist, Ghana

Celotno besedilo:

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2018.111.2.08

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