Ovrednotenje nihanja populacij škodljivca citrusov, ščitkarja Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell, 1896), IN njegovega parazitoida Cales noacki Howard, 1907: vzorčna študija iz severozahodne Alžirije

Abdelhaq MAHMOUDI, Leila ALLAL BENFEKIH, Abdurrahman YIGIT, Mattheus F. A. GOOSEN

Povzetek


Namen raziskave je bil oceniti učinkovitost parazitoida Cales noacki Howard, 1907 (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) pri biotičnem zatiranju škodljivca citrusov, ščitkarja Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell, 1896), v severozohaodni Alžiriji. Še posebej je bilo preučevano nihanje populacij škodljivca in parazitoida v odvisnosti od različnih okoljskih razmer. V raziskavi so bile pregledane in vzorčene populacije odraslih osebkov ščitkarja na mladih poganjkih in v pasteh ter njihovi parazitoidi v obdobju 12-mesecev s štetjem parazitoida in napadenih, a živih ličink. Rezultati so pokazali znatne razlike v indeksih pogostosti in napadenosti ličink in odraslih, kar je bilo odvisno od dinamike rasti listov in meteoroloških razmer območja. Preučevani ščitkar je imel tri rodove, ki so sovpadali s tremi viški rasti in pretoka sokov pomarančevca in sicer konec septembra, v sredini novembra z največjim številom 10 osebkov na vejico, in tretji, v sredini maja. Obdobja rasti pomarančevca so vplivala na časovno pojavljanje odraslih osebkov v obdobju od julija do junija. Najnižji ustrezen temperaturni interval za pojav škodljivca je bil med 12 in 20 °C, najvišji pa med 25 in 33 °C pri relativni vlagi 50 in 75 %. Pojav naravnih sovražnikov ščitkarja kljub njegovi številčnosti ni bil optimalen zaradi velikega nihanja populacije škodljivca. Čeprav je kompleks škodljivca in parazitoida pomemben v sadovnjaku, je biotično uravnavanje s parazitoidom C. noacki nezadostno za celovito nevtralizacijo ščitkarja na citrusih. Zato je potreben integriran pristop z uporabo drugih naravnih sovražnikov ščitkarja Aleurothrixus floccosus.

Ključne besede


citrus; biotično varstvo; populacijska dinamika; Aleurothrixus floccosus; Cales noacki; fenologija; Chlef; severozahodna Alžirija

Celotno besedilo:

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2018.111.2.15

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