Zatiranje plodove vinske mušice (Drosophila suzukii [Matsumura], Diptera, Drosophilidae) s poudarkom na okoljsko sprejemljivih načinih

Tanja BOHINC, Stanislav TRDAN

Povzetek


Plodova vinska mušica (Drosophila suzukii) spada med gospodarsko pomembne škodljive žuželke, ki povzročajo škodo na gojenih in divjih sadnih vrstah. Škodljivec, ki je uvrščen na seznam A2 EPPO, se v Sloveniji pojavlja od leta 2010 in se postopoma širi. Od prve najdbe, leta 2008 v Španiji in Italiji, jo danes najdemo že v večini sredozemskih držav. V pričujočem preglednem članku so predstavljeni najpomembnejši načini varstva sadnih rastlin pred plodovo vinsko mušico. V nekaterih delih sveta škodljivca učinkovito zatirajo s sintetičnimi insekticidi, ki pa so pri nas problematični zaradi karenčne dobe, saj se mušica pojavlja na zorečih in predvsem na zrelih plodovih tik pred obiranjem. Tako je v svetu vse več raziskav usmerjenih v preizkušanje alternativnih (okoljsko sprejemljivih) načinov zatiranja škodljivca. Biotično zatiranje plodove vinske mušice je v Aziji zaenkrat bolj uspešno kot v Evropi, zato velja na Stari celini raziskavam razširjenosti in učinkovitosti domorodnih naravnih sovražnikov škodljivca v prihodnje nameniti več pozornosti. Med njimi predlagamo raziskave učinkovitosti plenilske stenice Orius majusculus in entomopatogenih ogorčic, v trenutni vsakdanji praksi pa priporočamo še uporabo vab z atraktanti za masovno lovljenje odraslih osebkov, rastlinsko higieno v nasadih, prekrivanje rastlin z gosto mrežo in podobno.

Ključne besede


plodova vinska mušica; Drosophila suzukii; kemično zatiranje; semiokemikalije; biotično varstvo rastlin

Celotno besedilo:

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Literatura


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2014.103.2.17

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