Traditional and molecular methods for the identification of whitefly (Aleyrodidae) species
Abstract
Whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) is small group of insects (Insecta) that comprises around 1500 species from 160 genera. Whiteflies damage important cultivated and ornamental plants by sucking plants juice. Most of the species are from tropical area, in our region they are the most common in greenhouses. Because worldwide transport, whiteflies become invasive all around the world. The identification of whiteflies species in adult stage is problematic. Morphological differentiation of pupae is one of the better methods for determining identity of species, but it may vary depending on the host plant on which they develop which can lead to misidentifications and erroneous naming of new species. The application of genetic diagnostics under the umbrella of classical taxonomy was imperative for successful development and delivery of the biological control program, phylogenetics and plans for biological control. The most common modern techniques for whiteflies determination are computer programs for photography analysis, molecular methods with DNA isolation and sequencing.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Slovensko (Slovenian))References
Andreason, S. A., Arif, M., Brown, J. K., Ochoa-Corona, F., Fletcher, J., Wayadande, A. (2017). Single-target and multiplex discrimination of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum with modified priming oligonucleotidet. Journal of Economic Entomology, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox125
Bink-Moenen, R. M. & Gerling, D. (1990). Aleyrodidae of Israel. Bollettino del Laboratorio di zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d‘agricoltura in Portici (Filippo Silvestri), 47, 3–39.
Brown, J. K., Coats, S. A., Bedford, I. D., Markham, P. G., Bird, J., Frohlich, D. R. (1995). Characterization and distribution of esterase electromorphs in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Biochemical Genetics, 33, 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02401851
Botha, J., Hardie, D., Power, G. (2000). Spiraling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus: Exotic threat to Western Australia. Fact Sheet.
Brown, W. M., George, M., Wilson, A. C. (1979). Rapid evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 76, 1967–1971. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.76.4.1967
Byrne, D. N.& Bellows, Jr. T. S. (1991). Whitefly biology. Annual Review of Entomology, 36, 431–457. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.36.010191.002243
Caldeira, R. L., Carvalho, O. S., Mendonca, C. L., Graeff-Teixeira, C., Silva, M. C. F., Ben, R., Maurer, R., Lima, W. S., Lenzi, H. L. (2003). Molecular differentiation of Angiostrongylus costaricensis, A. cantonensis, and A. vasorum by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 98, 1039–1043. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762003000800011
Calvert, L. A., Cuervo, M., Arroyave, J. A., Constantino, L. M., Bellotti, A., Frohlich, D. (2001). Morphological and mitochondrial DNA marker analyses of whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) colonizing cassava and beans in Colombia. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 94, 512–519. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0512:MAMDMA]2.0.CO;2
Campbell, B. C., Duffus, J. E., Baumann, P., Bartlett, A. C., Gawel, N. J., Perring, T. M., Farrar, C. A., Cooper, A. D., Bellows, Jr. T. S., Rodriguez, R. J. (1993). Determining whitefly species. Science, 261, 1333–1335. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0512:MAMDMA]2.0.CO;2
Frohlich, D. R., Torres-Jerez, I., Bedford, I. D., Markham, P. G., Brown, J. K. (1999). A phylogeographic analysis of the Bemisia tabaci species complex based on mitochondrical DNA markers. Molecular Ecology, 8, 1683–1691. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00754.x
Francis, A. W., Stocks, I., Smith, T. R., Boughton, A. J., Mannion, C. M., Osborne, L. S. (2016). Host plants and natural enemies of rugose spiraling whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Florida. Florida Entomologist, 99(1), 150–153. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.099.0134
Ghahari, H., Abd-Rabou, S., Zahradnik, J., Ostovan, H. (2009). Annotated catalogue of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) from Arasbaran, Northwestern Iran. Journal of Entomology and Nematology, 1, 7–18.
Gill, R. (1990). The morphology of whiteflies. Intercept LTD, United Kingdom, 13–46.
Guershon, M. & Gerling, D. (2001). Effect of foliar tomentosity on phenotypic plasticity in Bemisia tabaci (Hom., Aleyrodidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 125, 449–453. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0418.2001.00571.x
Habib, A., Farag, F. A. (1970). Studies on nine common aleurodids of Egypt. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d’Egypte, 54, 1–41.
Hajibabaei, M., Singer, G. A. C., Hebert, P. D. N., Hickey, D. A. (2007). DNA barcoding: how it complements taxonomy, molecular phylogenetics and population genetics. Trends in Genetics, 23, 167–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2007.02.001
Hebert, P. D. N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S. L., de Waard, J. R. (2003). Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 270, 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2218
Hebert, P. D., Ratnasingham, S., de Waard, J. R. (2003). Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 270, 96–99. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0025
Hoddle, M. S. (2004). The biology and management of silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on greenhouse grown ornamentals. Applied Biological Control Research.
Hodges, G. S. & Evans, G. A. (2005). An identification guide to the whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of southeastern united states. Florida Entomologist, 88, 518–534. https://doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[518:AIGTTW]2.0.CO;2
Kress, W. J. & Erickson, D. L. (2008). DNA barcodes: genes, genomics, and bioinformatics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 2761–2762. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800476105
Kwong, S., Srivathsan, A., Meier, R. (2012). An update on DNA barcoding: low species coverage and numerous unidentified sequences. Cladistics, 28, 639–644. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00408.x
Lunt, D. H., Zhang, D. X., Szymura, J. M., Hewltt, O. M. (1996). The insect cytochrome oxidase I gene: evolutionary patterns and conserved primers for phylogenetic studies. Insect Molecular Biology, 5, 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2583.1996.tb00049.x
Malumphy, C., Walsh, K., Suarez, M. B., Collins, D. W., Boonham, N. (2009). Morphological and molecular identification of all developmental stages of four whitefly species (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) commonly intercepted in quarantine. Zootaxa, 2118, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2118.1.1
Martin, J. H. (1985). The whitefly of New Guinea (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Entomology), 50(3), 303–351.
Martin, J. H. (1987). An identification guide to common whitefly pest species of the world (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae). Tropical Pest Management, 33(4), 298–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670878709371174
Martin, J. H. (1999). The whitefly fauna of Australia (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae). A taxonomic account and identification guide. Technical Paper, 38, 197.
Martin, J. H. & Mound, L. A. (2007). An annotated check list of the world’s whiteflies (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa, 1–84. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1492.1.1
Martin, J., Mifsud, D., Rapisarda, C. (2000). The whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of Europe and the Mediterranean basin. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 90, 407–448. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300000547
Mifsud, D. (1995). Whiteflies of the Maltese Islands (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae). Central Mediterranean Naturalist, 2(3), 61–78.
Milevoj, L. (2003). Prsokljunci – Sternorryncha. V: Živalstvo Slovenije. Sket B., Gogala M., Kuštor V. (ur.). Ljubljana. Tehniška založba Slovenije. 355–361.
Mound, L. A. (1966). A revision of the British Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera: Homoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (National History), 17(9), 397–428. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.14809
Oliveira, M. R. Vd., Tigano, M. S., Aljanabi, S. (2000). Molecular characterization of whitefly (Bemisia spp.) in Brazil. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 35, 1261–1268. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2000000600023
Ovalle, T. M., Parsa, S., Hernandez, M. P., Becerra Lopez-Lavalle, L. A. (2014). Reliable molecular identification of nine tropical whitefly species. Ecology and Evolution, 4(19), 3778–3787. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1204
Papayiannis, L. C., Brown, J. K., Seraphides, N. A., Hadjistylli, M., Ioannou, N., Katis, N. I. (2009). A real time PCR assay to differentiate the B and Q biotypes of the Bemisia tabaci complex in Cyprus. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485308006603
Perring, T. M., Farrar, C. A., Bellows, T. S., Cooper, A. D., Rodrigues, R. J. (1993). Evidence for a new species of whitefly: UCR findings and implications. California agriculture, 47(1), 7–8. https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v047n01p7
Perring, T. M., Stansly, P A., Liu, T. X., Smith, A. H., Andreason, S. A. (2018). Whiteflies: Biology, Ecology, and Management. Sustainable Management of Arthropod Pests of Tomato. Elsevier, 73–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802441-6.00004-8
Ptaszynska, A. A., Le Ztowski, J., Gnat, S., Malek, W. (2012). Application of COI sequences in studies of phylogenetic relationships among 40 Apionidae species. Journal of Insect Science, 12, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.012.1601
Radonjić, S., Hrnčić, S., Malumphy, C. (2014). First record of Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) (Hemiptera Aleyrodidae) in Montenegro. Redia, 141–145.
Shatters, R. G., Powell, C. A., Boykin, L. M., Liansheng, H., McKenzie, C. L. (2009). Improved DNA barcoding method for Bemisia tabaci and related Aleyrodidae: development of universal and Bemisia tabaci biotype-specific mitochondrial cytochrome coxidase I polymerase chain reaction primers. Journal of Economic Entomology, 102, 750–758. https://doi.org/10.1603/029.102.0236
Smith, M. A., Bertrand, C., Crosby, K., Eveleigh, E. S., Fernandez-Triana, J., Fisher, B. L., Gibbs, J.,… Zhou, X. (2012). Wolbachia and DNA barcoding insects: patterns, potential, and problems. PLoS One. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0036514. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036514
Šimala, M., Masten Milek, T., Pintar, M. (2015). The whitefly species (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) with dark puparium and pupal case recorded in Croatia. Natura Croatica, 24, 111–125. https://doi.org/10.20302/NC.2015.24.6
Takahashi, R. (1952). Aleurotuberculatus and Parabemisia of Japan (Aleyrodidae, Homoptera). Miscellaneous Reports of the Research Institute for Natural Resources, 25, 17–24.
Takahashi, R. (1954). Key to the tribes and genera of Aleyrodidae of Japan, with descriptions of three new genera and one new species (Homoptera). Insecta Matsumurana, 18, 47–53.
Thyssen, P. J., Lessinger, A. C., Azeredo-Espin, A. M., Linhares, A. X. (2005). The value of PCR-RFLP molecular markers for the differentiation of immature stages of two necrophagous flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of potential forensic importance. Neotropical Entomology, 34, 777–783.
Trdan, S. (2015). Ščitkarji in prenos virusov s ščitkarji. V: Mavrič Pleško I. (ur.) Prenosi rastlinskih virusov. Ljubljana, Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije. 87–100.
Uma Rani, R. & Amsini, P. (2016). Pest Identification in Leaf Images using SVM Classifier. International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Informatics, 6, 30–41.
Trdan, S., Kač, M., Bobnar, A., Modic, Š. (2003). Research on the efficacy of the yellow sticky boards to control the cabbage whitefly (Aleyrodes proletella L., Aleyrodidae) on Brussels sprouts. Zbornik Biotehniške fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani, 81(1), 171–177.
Vidigal, T. H., Montresor, L. C., Simpson, A. J., Carvalho, O. S. (2002). Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism of cytocrome oxidase subunit I used for differentiation of Brazilian Biomphalaria species intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 97, 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762002000900011
Watson, G. W. (2007). Identification of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). APEC Re-entry workshop on whiteflies and mealybugs in Malaysia. International Journal of Advanced Research.
Watson, G. W. & Chandler, L. R. (1999). Identification of Mealybugs important in the Carribean Region with notes on preparation of whitefly pupae for identification. Commonwealth Science and CAB International, 40.
Wilkey, R. F. (1962). A simplified technique for clearing, staining and permanently mounting small arthropods. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 55, 606. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/55.5.606
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2020.116.2.1949
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 Stanislav Trdan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Acta agriculturae Slovenica is an Open Access journal published under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY License.
eISSN 1854-1941