Pošlji prispevek (e-pošta) Učinki etanolnih izvlečkov iz listov vrst Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub. in Ficus mucoso Ficalho na uravnavanje škodljivca Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) v shranjenem zrnju kitajske vinje
Povzetek
V raziskavi so bili preučevani učinki etanolnih izvlečkov iz listov vrst Prosopis africana in Ficus mucoso na uravnavanje škodljivca Callosobruchus maculatus v semenu kitajske vinje. Obravnavanja so obsegala različne koncentracije izvlečka in sicer 10 %, 30 %, 50 %, in 0 %. Pet parov na novo izleglih odraslih osebkov škodljivca je bilo izpostavljenih izvlečkom v vseh obravnavanjih. Insekticidni učinki obeh rastlinskih vrst na hrošča so bili ovrednoteni glede na smrtnost odraslih osebkov, velikost ovipozicije, glede vplivov na ličinke in bube in izleganje odraslih osebkov. Ovrednoten je bil tudi učinek izvlečkov obeh vrst na vitalnost semen vinje in njihova kemična sestava. Izsledki so pokazali, da imata obe rastlinski vrsti insekticidni potencial, ker sta imeli negativni učinek na število jajčec, ličink in bub škodljivca, pri čemer je izvleček iz vrste P. africana povzročil največjo smrtnost pri 50 % koncentraciji. Nadalje so opazovanja pokazala, da izvlečka obeh vrst nista imela negativnega učinka na vitalnost shranjenih semen vinje. Fitokemična analiza izvlečkov je odkrila prisotnost nekaterih bioaktivnih snovi kot so terpenoidi, flavonoidi, alkaloidi, saponini, steroidi, in tanini, pri čemer je bila vrsta P. africana bogatejša na njih kot vrsta F. mucoso. Čeprav so sta bila oba izvlečka učinkovita, je izvleček iz vrste P. africana deloval bolje pri uravnavanju populacije hrošča, kar kaže na verjetno koristnost uporabe pri trajnostnem obravnavanju škodljivcev pri malih kmetih in potrošnikih kitajske vinje v okoljih, kjer sta obe vrsti rastlin v izobilju.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2021.117.3.1655
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