Email this article Effects of Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub. and Ficus mucoso Ficalho ethanolic leaves extract in the control of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) in stored cowpea
Abstract
The study investigated the effectiveness of Prosopis africana and Ficus mucoso ethanolic leave extract in the control of Callosobruchus maculatus infesting cowpea. Treatments were applied at different concentrations (10 %, 30 % , 50 %, and 0 %) on cowpea. Five pairs of newly emerged adult C. maculatus were introduced into each treatment. The two botanicals were evaluated on the insecticidal effects it has on the insect and data were recorded on adult mortality, oviposition rate, larvae, pupae, and adult emergence, seed viability, and phytochemicals present in both botanicals. Results revealed that both treatments had insecticidal potentials, adversely reducing the number of eggs, larvae, and pupae of C. maculatus with P. africana having the highest mean mortality rate at 50 % concentration. Observations further indicated that the botanicals had no negative effect on seed viability. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of some bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponin, steroids, and tannin, P. africana mostly rich in them than F. mucoso. Though both extracts were effective, P. africana performed better in the control of the bruchid beetle indicating plausible usefulness in sustainable pest management by smallholder farmers and consumers of cowpea in environments where the plants are in abundance.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdullahi, N., Majeed, Q. & Oyeyi, T. I. (2011). Studies on the efficacy of Vittallaria paradoxa seed oil on the oviposition, hatchability of eggs and emergence of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on treated cowpea seed. Journal of Entomology, 8, 391–397. https://doi.org/10.3923/je.2011.391.397
Abdullahi, Y.M. & Muhammad, S (2004). Effects of some plant powders on cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus during storage. African Journal of Biotechnology, 3(1), 67-70.
Adedire, C, Akinkurolere, R. O. & Ajayi, O. O. (2011). Susceptibility of some maize cultivars in Nigeria to infestation and damage by maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Nigerian Journal of Entomology, 28, 55-63.
Adedire, C. O. & Akinkurolele, R. O. (2005). Bioactivity of four plant extract on coleopterous pests of stored cereals and grain legumes in Nigeria. Zoological Research, 26, 243-249.
Ajayi, F. A. (2007). Effect of grain breakage and application of edible oils to protect pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., against infestation by adult Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Lafia, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Entomology, 24, 107-113.
Ajayi, F. A., Wintola, H. U. (2006). Suppression of the cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) infesting stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) seeds with some edible plant product powders. Pakistani Journal of Biological Sciences, 9(8), 1454-1459. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2006.1454.1459
Akinkurolele, R. O., Adedire, C. O. & Odeyemi, O. O. (2006). Laboratory evaluation of the toxic properties forest Anchomanes difformis against pulse beetles Callosobrunchus maculatus. Insect Science, 13, 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7917.2006.00064.x
Alan, C, Dobson, H, Grzywacz, D, Hodges, R, Orr, A. & Stevenson, P. (2009). Review of pre- and post-harvest pest management for pulses with special reference to Eastern and Southern Africa. Natural Resources Institute prepared for and funded by McKnight Foundation, Collaborative Crops Research Program.
Aly, S. D., Sahar, I. A. (2010). Efficacy of spearmint oil and powder as alternative of chemical control against Callosobruchus maculatus in Cowpea Seeds. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(1), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsf.2010.17463
Arthur, F. (1996). Grain protectants: Current status and prospects for the future. Journal of Stored Products Research, 32, 293–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(96)00033-1
Bishnu, C. & Weisman, Z. (2005). Larvicidal effects of aqueous extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca (desert date) against the larvae of Culex pipiens mosquitoes. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4(11), 1351-1354.
Dangarembizi, R., Erlwanger, K., Moyo, D. & Chivandi, E. (2012). Phytochemistry, pharmacology and ethnomedicinal uses of Ficus Thonningii (Blume Moraceae): A Review. African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines: AJTCAM / African Networks on Ethnomedicines, 10. 203-212. 10.4314/ajtcam.v10i2.4. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v10i2.4
Ehiagbonare, J. E. & Enabulele, S. A. (2007). Effect of storage regime, presorting treatments, light and dark on seed germination of Chrysophylluum delevoyi (De Wild). Nigerian Journal of Applied Science, 25, 151-156.
Elaigwu, M., Oluma, H.O.A. & Onekutu, A. (2018). Phytochemical and antifungal activity of leaf extracts of Prosopis africana and Anacardium occidentale against Macrophomina root rot of Sesamum indicum L. in Benue State, Central Nigeria. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 6, 66-76. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2018.67005
Haghtalab, N., Shayesteh, N. & Aramideh, S. (2009). Insecticidal efficacy of castor and hazelnut oils in stored cowpea against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Biological Sciences, 9, 175–179. https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2009.175.179
Harborne, J. B. (1973). Phytochemical methods: A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. Chapman and Hall Ltd, London; Pp. 279.
Holly, S. K. (2006). Seed Germination. Library, Gardening in Western Washington. Presented by WSU Extension.
Ileke, K. D. & Olotuah, O. F. (2012). Bioactivity of Anacardium occidentale (L) and Allium sativum (L) powders and oils extracts against cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). International Journal of Biology, 4(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v4n1p96
Islam, Shahidul (2006). Sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas L.) leaf: its potential effect on human health and nutrition. Journal of Food Science, 71, 13-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.tb08912.x
Iwuala, M. O. E., Osisiogwu, I. U. W. & Agbakwuru E. U. P. (1981). Dennetia oil, a potential new insecticide: Tests with adults and nymphs of Periplanata america and Zonocerus variegatus. Journal of Economic Entomology, 74, 249-252. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/74.3.249
Kabaru, M. & Gichia, L (2009). Insecticidal activity of extracts derived from different parts of the mangrove tree Rhizophora mucronata (Rhizophoraceae) Lam. against three arthropods. African Journal of Science and Technology, 2, 10. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajst.v2i2.44668
Khalid, Sami, Duddeck, Helmust & Gonzalez-Sierra, Manuel (1981). Isolation and characterization of an antimalarial agent of the neem tree Azadirachta indica. Journal of natural products, 52, 922-6. https://doi.org/10.1021/np50065a002
Lale, N. E. S & Mustapha, A. (2000). Potential of combining neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) seed oil with varietals resistance for the management of the cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Journal of Stored Products Research, 36, 215–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(99)00035-1
Lale, N.E.S., and Ofuya, T.I. (2001). Overview of pest problems and control in the tropical storage environment. In: Ofuya, T.I. and Lale, N.E. S. (eds.) Pests of Stored Cereals and Pulses in Nigeria: Biology, Ecology and Control. Dave Collins Publications, Akure, Nigeria. pp. 1-23.
Okwu, D. E (2001). Evaluation of chemical composition spices and flavoring agents. Global Journal of pure and Applied Science, 7, 455-459. https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v7i3.16293
Oni, M. O & Ileke, K. D. (2008). Fumigant toxicity of four botanical plant oils on survival, egg laying and progeny development of the dried yam beetle, Dinoderus porcellus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)
Ibadan. Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(2), 31-36.
Oni, M. O. (2011). Evaluation of seeds and fruit powder of Capsicum annum and C. frutescens for control of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) in stored cowpea and Sitophilus zeamais in stored maize. International Journal of Biology, 3(2), 185-188. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v3n2p185
Rahman, A. & Talukder, F. A. (2006). Bio efficacy of some plant derivatives that protect grain against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. Journal of Insect Science, 6. 3. https://doi.org/10.1673/1536-2442(2006)6[1:BOSPDT]2.0.CO;2
Raja, M. & William S. J. (2008). Impact of volatile oils of plant against cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr) (Coloeoptera: Bruchidae). International Journal Integrative Biology, 2(1), 62-64.
Singh R. N. and Saratchandra B (2005). The development of botanical products with special reference to Seri-ecosystem. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(1), 1-8.
Shinkafi, S. A & Abdullahi, H. (2018). Antifungal activity and phytochemical analysis of Ficus sycomorus leaf extract on Malassezia glubosa. Advances in Plants and Agricultural Research, 8(6), 432-436. https://doi.org/10.15406/apar.2018.08.00362
Sofowora, A. (1993) Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books Ltd., Ibadan, 191-289.
Swella, G. B. & Mushobozy, D. M. K. (2007). Evaluation of the efficacy of protectants against cowpea bruchids (Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)) on cowpea seeds (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Plant Protection
Science, 43(2), 68-72. https://doi.org/10.17221/2256-PPS
Trease, G. E. & Evans, W. C. (1989). Pharmacognosy. Bailliere Tindall.
Umeozor, O. C. (2005). Effect of the infection of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) on the weight loss of stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 9(1), 169-172.
Zerihun M, Ele E (2018). Insecticidal activities of leaf, seed and stem bark extracts of Prosopis juliflora against the cotton (Aphis gossypii Glover) aphid. Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science Research, 6(3), 202-221.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2021.117.3.1655
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Tosin D OJUYEMI, Robert O UDDIN II, Gbonjubola V AWOLOLA, Suleiman Mustapha, AbdRahaman A Lawal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Acta agriculturae Slovenica is an Open Access journal published under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY License.
eISSN 1854-1941